# AlGhazzawi & Partners - LLMs.txt > AlGhazzawi & Partners > Generated by MCPner LLMs.txt Generator for WordPress > Last updated: 2026-08-12T15:19:39+02:00 > Total items: 127 MCP Link: http://mediaverseagency-egy --- ## Receptionist URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/receptionist/ Type: page Modified: 2025-12-12 Words: 402 > Join Our Growing Legal Team Home Want to Help Businesses With Us? Receptionist About AlGhazzawi & PartnersWith over five decades of practice, AlGhazzawi & Partners (G&P) stands as one of... Join Our Growing Legal Team Home Want to Help Businesses With Us? Receptionist About AlGhazzawi & PartnersWith over five decades of practice, AlGhazzawi & Partners (G&P) stands as one of the largest and most respected law firms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. G&P is a full-service approach, coupled with a robust on-ground presence in major cities (Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh).We are committed to providing high level legal services. Our dedication to the highest legal standards, combined with our local and global footprint, distinguishes us as a trusted partner in legal matters of significance.Our LegacyFounded in 1969, G&P has been at the forefront of developments in corporate and business law. We advise on landmark projects, shape new legislation, and contribute to the advancement of the legal profession itself. G&P isn’t just a renowned law firm; it’s a hub for legal excellence and an institution for learning, where skill sets are not only respected but also nurtured and rewarded.Job objectiveIn response to the dynamic legal landscape of Saudi Arabia, G&P aims to bolster its Support Team.As Saudi Arabia’s legal framework undergoes rapid transformation and global integration, we seek to bolster our support team. By joining our support team, you will play a pivotal role in our forward-thinking approach and servicing clients.Job DescriptionThis is a full-time on-site role for a Receptionist located in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The Receptionist should be an active and dynamic person to provide support to our teams and handle the front office efficiently.Key ResponsibilitiesHandling ReceptionMaintaining register of clientsForwarding calls to executives after screeningHandling Telephone calls (forwarding calls to partners, associates and others)Maintaining database of contactsHandling Courier (incoming and outgoing)Monitoring movement of employeesQualifications & SkillsEffective Communication Skills (bilingual)Pleasing personalityGraduate or High SchoolJob Location: Dammam officeAction: Candidates fulfilling the stated criteria may apply in confidence by latest 15 December 2025 or submit resumes on careers@ghazzawilawfirm.com Apply Now First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Attach CV SUBMIT Apply Now First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Attach CV SUBMIT Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Legal Secretary URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/legal-secretary/ Type: page Modified: 2025-12-12 Words: 595 > Join Our Growing Legal Team Home Want to Help Businesses With Us? Legal Secretary About AlGhazzawi & PartnersWith over five decades of practice, AlGhazzawi & Partners (G&P) stands as one... Join Our Growing Legal Team Home Want to Help Businesses With Us? Legal Secretary About AlGhazzawi & PartnersWith over five decades of practice, AlGhazzawi & Partners (G&P) stands as one of the largest and most respected law firms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. G&P is a full-service approach, coupled with a robust on-ground presence in major cities (Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh).We are committed to providing high level legal services. Our dedication to the highest legal standards, combined with our local and global footprint, distinguishes us as a trusted partner in legal matters of significance.Our LegacyFounded in 1969, G&P has been at the forefront of developments in corporate and business law. We advise on landmark projects, shape new legislation, and contribute to the advancement of the legal profession itself. G&P isn’t just a renowned law firm; it’s a hub for legal excellence and an institution for learning, where skill sets are not only respected but also nurtured and rewarded.Job objectiveIn response to the dynamic legal landscape of Saudi Arabia, G&P aims to bolster its Dispute Resolution and Corporate Practice Team. As Saudi Arabia’s legal framework undergoes rapid transformation and global integration, we seek a Senior Associate Lawyer who expresses proactive expertise. By joining our legal team, you will play a pivotal role in our forward-thinking legal approach, adeptly navigating Saudi law with a deeper insight. Together, we will shape the future of legal practice, where tradition converges with innovation, and excellence prevails.Job DescriptionThis is a full-time on-site role for a Legal Secretary located in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The Legal Secretary should be a detail-oriented and proactive Legal Secretary to support our attorneys and legal team. She/He will manage clerical and administrative tasks to ensure efficient operation of the law firm’s daily activities, enabling lawyers to focus on client service and case work.Key ResponsibilitiesCoordinating the entire work cycle of matter:Assisting associates, senior associates and partners in preparing summaries of matters, preparation of documents and filesAssisting partners and associates in preparation of submissions to courts, legal memos, contracts and agreementsArchiving of files in the right mannerConducting research on different legal issues, preparation of reportConducting diligence on different entities for different reasonsConducting KYC, opening of filesMonitoring schedule of sessions and other commitments by partners and associatesQualifications & SkillsGraduate with a relevant degree with strong communication skillsBilingual – Arabic / EnglishKnowledge of basic legal norms, procedures, and processes.Ability to use legal templates and revise basic documents (e.g., NDAs, PoAs, LoEs, engagement letters).Strong proficiency in word processing, document formatting, and legal document preparation.Well-versed with Najiz, Saudi Business Center, and other relevant government/legal platforms.Excellent organizational skills and high attention to detail.Ability to manage multiple tasks, deadlines, and priorities in a fast-paced law firm environment.Discretion, professionalism, and respect for confidentiality.Familiarity with legal terminology, court procedures, and case-management systems is an advantage.Job Location: Dammam officeAction: Candidates fulfilling the stated criteria may apply in confidence by latest 15 December 2025 or submit resumes on careers@ghazzawilawfirm.com Apply Now First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Attach CV SUBMIT Apply Now First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Attach CV SUBMIT Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Arbitration In Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/arbitration-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-09-29 Words: 1289 > As Saudi Arabia continues its transformation under Vision 2030, the legal sector is evolving rapidly to support an increasingly dynamic business landscape. Arbitration has emerged as a preferred method of... As Saudi Arabia continues its transformation under Vision 2030, the legal sector is evolving rapidly to support an increasingly dynamic business landscape. Arbitration has emerged as a preferred method of dispute resolution, particularly for commercial, construction, and cross-border transactions. With a growing emphasis on efficiency, neutrality, and enforceability, the Kingdom is aligning its arbitration practices with international standards while preserving its legal identity rooted in Sharia. This article explores the recent trends in arbitration in Saudi Arabia and outlines best practices for businesses seeking to navigate the arbitration process effectively. Legal Framework of Arbitration in Saudi Arabia The legal framework for arbitration in Saudi Arabia is primarily governed by the Saudi Arbitration Law of 2012 (Royal Decree No. M/34). This law, inspired by the UNCITRAL Model Law, has modernized the arbitration landscape in the Kingdom, emphasizing party autonomy, restricting judicial interventionand aligning with the international standards. It applies to both domestic and international arbitration in Saudi Arabia or when parties agree to its application. Key Aspects of the Saudi Arbitration Law: ● Alignment with International Standards: The 2012 law significantly revised the previous framework, incorporating principles from the UNCITRAL Model Law aiming to create a more efficient and predictable system. ● Party Autonomy: The law emphasizes the ability of parties to determine the rules and procedures of the arbitration process, reflecting a move towards greater party control over dispute resolution. ● Enforcement of Awards:The law, along with the Enforcement Law of 2012, facilitates the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards Saudi Arabia, including those issued in foreign jurisdictions, subject to certain conditions (e.g., compliance with Saudi public policy and Sharia). ● Reduced Judicial Intervention: The law aims to minimize unnecessary court interference in arbitration proceedings, allowing tribunals and parties to manage the process more independently. Specifically, it restricts courts to visit merits or facts of the case. ● Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (SCCA): The SCCA plays a crucial role in providing administrative support and rules for arbitration, ensuring transparency, efficiency, and fairness in the process. Important Considerations ● Sharia Law: While the Arbitration Law is aligned with international standards, it must also comply with Sharia principles and Saudi public policy. ● Public Policy: Awards that violate Saudi public policy, such as those granting interest (riba), may not be enforceable. ● Enforcement of Foreign Awards: Saudi Arabia is a signatory to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, meaning foreign arbitral awards can be enforced in Saudi Arabia under certain conditions. Best Practices for Businesses Using Arbitration As arbitration becomes more integral to commercial dispute resolution in the Kingdom, businesses must adopt a proactive and strategic approach to ensure their arbitration proceedings are enforceable, efficient, and aligned with both local and international standards. Below are essential best practices to follow: 1- Draft Clear and Comprehensive Arbitration Clauses Many arbitration-related issues stem from vague or incomplete dispute resolution clauses. To avoid procedural complications or enforceabilitychallenges: ➔ Clearly specify the seat of arbitration (e.g., Riyadh or Dubai) ➔ Select the arbitration institution (e.g., SCCA, ICC), if it is to be conducted through an institution ➔ State the governing law of the contract and applicable rules ➔ Determine the language of arbitration (Arabic or English) ➔ Clarify the number and qualifications of arbitrators Tip: Avoid boilerplate clauses. Tailor each clause based on the industry, risk exposure, and counterparty. 2- Choose Reputable Arbitration Institutions and Arbitrators Opt for institutions that provide transparent procedures and local enforceability. The Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (SCCA) is particularly effective for domestic and regional matters. When selecting arbitrators: ➔ Consider experience in the relevant sector (e.g., construction, energy, M&A) ➔ Ensure they are familiar with Saudi law and Sharia-compliant practices ➔ For cross-border disputes, include neutral or internationally recognized arbitrators 3- Ensure Compatibility with Sharia and Saudi Public Policy Saudi courts may refuse to enforce awards that violate Islamic law or public policy such as awards that include interest (riba) or punitive damages. Therefore: ➔ Avoid clauses involving interest, compounded penalties, that could conflict with Sharia in contracts if the awards will be enforced in Saudi Arabia. ➔ Consult Saudi legal counsel during contract drafting to align terms with local enforceability standards 4- Prepare for Enforcement at the Outset Even if ... --- ## WHITE LAND TAX REGIME URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/white-land-tax-regime/ Type: post Modified: 2025-09-15 Words: 1149 > Introduction: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has introduced significant amendments to the Rules of Implementation (Executive Regulations) to the White Land Tax Law, which became effective immediately after its publication... Introduction: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has introduced significant amendments to the Rules of Implementation (Executive Regulations) to the White Land Tax Law, which became effective immediately after its publication in the Official Gazette on 22 August 2025 (28 Safar 1447H) and supersedes all previous regulations. These changes are designed to enhance regulatory clarity and transparency, ensure fair enforcement, and promote better utilization of urban land in line with development priorities. Purpose of the White Land Tax Law (Law): The White Land Tax Law was first issued on 24 November, 2015; yet, it has undergone several amendments and most of the provisions have been amended by different decrees and the Executive Regulations reflect all of the amendments. The core purpose of the Law is to increase the supply of developed land in urban areas in order to establish a balance between supply and demand; expand availability of real estate units and ensure fair competition while combating monopolistic practices in the real estate sector in accordance with Saudi Real Estate Regulations. This short note highlights the key provisions of the Law and Executive Regulations. White Land & Vacant Real Estate: White land is defined as land located in the urban areas which can be developed for different purposes. Vacant real estate is defined as vacant buildings located in urban areas. Annual Tax: An annual tax of up to 10% of the value of land may be imposed on white lands owned by individuals or juristic entities, excluding the properties of the State provided that the area of the subject land is not less than 5,000 square meters. The Minister is authorized to determine the scope of application and the Executive Regulations stipulate criteria and conditions for classification of cities where the Law will be applicable as well as the lands which will be subject to white land tax. Additionally, an annual fee not exceeding 5% of the property value will be imposed on Vacant Real Estate (Vacant Buildings); excluding the properties owned by the State. The fee may be increased up to 10% of the value of a property by a decision of the Council of Ministers upon recommendation by the Ministerial Committee. Scope of Application: All land uses fall within the scope of the Law and regulations. However, only the officially approved urban boundary maps and detailed plans issued by the competent authorities shall be valid for determining the applicability of the Law. Classification of Cities: The city or the urban area for applying the Law will be determined upon existence of any of the following parameters or conditions: Supply-demand imbalance Inflation in the real estate price Lack of supply of developed lands Land hoarding and non-development of lands Percentage of white lands within the urban area Urban development priorities. The announcements bringing cities within the scope of applicability of the Law will include details such as effective date, name of the city, urban boundary map, deadlines for submissions, and electronic portal information. Geographic Zones and Rates: The Minister will issue decisions determining the tax rate (percentage of land value) that will be applicable to white lands located in different cities based on development priorities with progressive tax rates ranging from 10% (highest priority) to 2.5% (lowest priority). The lands located outside the priority zones shall be exempt from white land tax; yet they will still be considered in ownership calculations. Applicability of Law on Lands: The White Tax Executive Regulations stipulate conditions which will determine if the land will be subject to white land tax. The land must be vacant, developable, located within the designated zone or area and it is at least 5,000 square meters in size, and can be used for approved purposes. Suspension of Tax: Application of tax may be suspended in case of absence of any of the conditions determining the applicability, legal impediments preventing the owner from disposing the land during the period due for payment of the tax, or existence of any regulatory issue causing delay or stopping development of land or existence of any issue preventing issuance of the required permit for development of land, completing development of land within the period due for payment of tax. Temporary extensions may also be granted by the committee. Landowner Obligations: The owners of lands subject to the white land tax must submit all of the required documents and information to the Ministry of Housing within the set timeframe, and that include new owners upon transfer of ownership. The Ministry will notify the owners of the due tax through the approved mechanisms, and in all cases, the landowner will be primarily responsible for paying the tax or any fines imposed under the Law. In cases of co-ownership of land subject to white land tax or vacant real estate tax KSA, each owner shall be responsible for paying the tax proportionate to t... --- ## Understanding FIDIC Contracts: A Legal Perspective for the Saudi Market URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/understanding-fidic-contracts-a-legal-perspective-for-the-saudi-market/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-19 Words: 1122 > What is FIDIC Saudi Arabia? FIDIC, the International Federation of Consulting Engineers, is an international organization known for developing standard contract forms that govern construction and engineering projects worldwide; it... What is FIDIC Saudi Arabia? FIDIC, the International Federation of Consulting Engineers, is an international organization known for developing standard contract forms that govern construction and engineering projects worldwide; it represents over one million engineering professionals and 40,000 firms in about 100 countries worldwide. These contracts aim to streamline roles, responsibilities, and risk allocation between employers, contractors, and consultants. Why FIDIC Matters in Saudi Arabia Due to their standardized, balanced risk allocation and robust dispute resolution mechanisms, which are crucial for the kingdom’s ambitious Vision 2030 projects such as NEOM, The Line, and other giga-projects reshaping the Kingdom’s landscape, the use of internationally accepted contract frameworks like FIDIC ensures consistency, legal clarity, and global investor confidence. Moreover, government entities and many semi-governmental institutions in Saudi Arabia often mandate the use of FIDIC-based contracts, to be drafted and reviewed by a Saudi law firm a, for large-scale projects. Key Features of FIDIC Contracts FIDIC contracts are structured to promote clarity, efficiency, and balanced risk allocation in construction and engineering projects. Their standardized formats are widely adopted in both domestic and international contexts due to the following core features: Clear Allocation of Responsibilities: FIDIC contracts meticulously outline the obligations and responsibilities of each party involved: – Employers – often responsible for providing project design and performance specifications to contractors – Contractors – accountable for execution (and sometimes design works) – Engineers – act as contract administrators, with a duty of impartiality This clear delineation helps avoid ambiguity and reduces the potential for disputes. Equitable Risk Distribution: Each FIDIC contract type (Red, Yellow, Silver, etc.) allocates risk in a way that reflects the nature of the project. For example: – The Red Book as revised in 2017 provides for balanced risk allocation between the employer and contractor – The Silver Book shifts most of the risk to the contractor and mostly used for EPC works This enables parties to select a contract model aligned with their risk appetite and project objectives. Engineer’s Role as Contract Administrator: In FIDIC contracts, the engineer plays a pivotal role in supervising the works, certifying payments, assessing variations, and resolving on-site issues. Although appointed by the employer, the engineer is expected to act impartially in decision-making processes. Time and Cost Management Mechanisms: FIDIC contracts contain robust procedures for handling: – Delays and Extensions of Time (EOT) – Variation Orders – Claims for Additional Payment These provisions ensure that changes in project scope or delay claims are managed transparently and in an organized manner. FIDIC dispute resolution KSA Framework: FIDIC provides a multi-tier dispute resolution process: – Amicable settlement – Adjudication via a Dispute Adjudication/Avoidance Board (DAB/DAAB) – International arbitration This system encourages early resolution while preserving the right to escalate disputes when necessary. Change and Variation Clauses: FIDIC contracts recognize that projects often evolve. They include structured provisions to assess and implement variations in scope, design, or method without disrupting the contractual balance. Standardized Yet Flexible: While the contracts follow a standard format, they are also adaptable to accommodate project-specific requirements and local legal frameworks, particularly important for compliance with Saudi Arabian laws, FIDIC force majeure Saudi law, and regulatory standards. Commonly Used FIDIC Contracts FIDIC offers a suite of contract models, each designed to address different types of construction and infrastructure projects. Selecting the appropriate FIDIC contract depends on factors such as project complexity, design responsibility, risk allocation, and financing arrangements. Below are the most commonly used FIDIC forms in the Saudi Arabia market and internationally: Red Book – Construction Use: For building and engineering works designed by the employer. Key Feature: The employer provides the design, and the contractor is responsible for executing the work. Typical Projects: Roads, buildings, and infrastructure where design is already completed; common scenarios requiring FIDIC Red Book interpretation in Saudi Arabia. Yellow Book – Plant & Design-Build Use: For design-build projects where the contractor is responsible for both design and construction. Key Feature: Greater design responsibility on the contractor, ideal for technically complex projects where FIDIC Yellow Book legal counsel in KSA is often advisable Typical Projects: Power plants, industrial facilities, and treatment plants. Silver Book – EPC/Turnkey Projects Use: For large-scale, high-risk turnkey projects where the c... --- ## Saudi Arabia’s Giga-Projects Under Vision 2030 URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabias-giga-projects-under-vision-2030/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-29 Words: 2642 > Introduction Under the ambitious umbrella of Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia is undergoing a historic transformation aimed at diversifying its economy, reducing its dependence on oil revenues, and positioning the Kingdom... Introduction Under the ambitious umbrella of Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia is undergoing a historic transformation aimed at diversifying its economy, reducing its dependence on oil revenues, and positioning the Kingdom as a global investment powerhouse. Central to this vision are giga-projects massive multi-sectoral developments like NEOM, The Line, Qiddiya, Diriyah Gate, AMAALA, and the Red Sea Project. These projects are reshaping the Kingdom’s urban, environmental, tourism, and technological infrastructure. However, the scale and complexity of giga-projects require a robust legal framework to manage regulatory compliance, investment protection, construction and operational risks, and dispute resolution. As legal advisors to investors, developers, and public-private partnerships in Saudi Arabia, AlGhazzawi & Partners explores the legal opportunities and challenges that accompany Saudi Arabia’s giga-project boom.Legal Framework Supporting Giga-Projects The legal system in Saudi Arabia has been modernized in recent years to support the rollout of Vision 2030. Key legal developments include: 1. New Companies Law: One of the most transformative laws in recent years, the Law Allows simplified incorporation procedures for foreign and local investors. Introduces flexible company structures (e.g., Simplified Joint Stock Companies, management structures). Reduces restrictions on profit distribution and shareholding structures. Promotes transparency and corporate governance. 2. Investment Law & MISA Foreign Ownership Regulations: The Ministry of Investment (MISA) has developed a clear and investor-friendly framework: Ensures 100% foreign ownership in most sectors of the economy. Guarantees fair treatment for foreign investors, including protection from expropriation and fair compensation in case of expropriation. Provides dispute resolution pathways and full repatriation of capital and profits without any restrictions. Integrates licensing with strategic mega-initiatives like NEOM and Red Sea Global 3. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) & Privatization Laws: To empower giga-projects, the Kingdom adopted: Saudi Arabia PPP Law (2021): Defines roles and responsibilities of private entities engaging in infrastructure or service delivery for the public sector. Allows for various models such as Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) and Joint Development Agreements (JDAs). Facilitates risk-sharing and revenue generation across sectors like transport, healthcare, and renewable energy. 4. Real Estate and Land Use Regulation: Many giga-projects are real estate and tourism-driven. Legal reforms include: New Real Estate Registration Law (2023): Enhances property registration and reduces ownership disputes. Zoning & Planning Laws: Governed by entities like the Royal Commission for Riyadh City or NEOM Authority, which have unique regulatory powers. Foreign investors can now access real estate ownership in specific zones under defined conditions. 5. Environmental and Sustainability Regulations: Environmental law is central to Vision 2030 and giga-project planning: Mandatory Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) before development. Compliance with green building standards (e.g., Saudi Building Code). Oversight by MEWA, RCU, and special project authorities (e.g., Red Sea Global’s sustainability guidelines) 6. Labor Market & Saudization: To balance talent importation with local employment goals: Amendments to the Labor Law further strengthens rights for all employees , including in large-scale construction projects. Nitaqat Program sets Saudization quotas. Companies involved in giga-projects must plan HR and recruitment strategies accordingly, often incorporating compliance support. 7. Dispute Resolution and Arbitration: Legal clarity is supported by robust judicial reforms: Establishment of Specialized Commercial Courts. Enabling litigants to resolve their disputes through Taradhi circuits Timelines for swift conclusion of lawsuits Adoption of the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (SCCA) Full enforcement of foreign arbitral awards under the New York Convention. Saudi Giga-Projects Legal Framework Giga-projects often involve complex layers of contracts, joint ventures, regulatory approvals, and land-use agreements. Legal advisors must address: 1. Special Economic Zones & Independent Regulatory Jurisdictions: Some giga-projects operate under unique legal and regulatory regimes, particularly: NEOM, which has its own independent legal framework, including visa, tax, labor, and commercial regulations. The Red Sea Project and AMAALA are governed by specialized authorities that issue permits and control zoning, land use, and sustainability standards. This enables more flexibility and innovation but requires legal advisors to be deeply familiar with project-specific regulations. 2. Joint Ventures & Strategic Partnerships: Giga-projects often involve Joint Venture (JV) agreements between: Government-backed entities (e.g., PIF, RCUs) International ... --- ## Is your board ready for Saudi Arabia’s new ESG compliance era? URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/is-your-board-ready-for-saudi-arabias-new-esg-compliance-era/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-13 Words: 1661 > Although ESG disclosure remains voluntary today, guided by the CMA’s 2019 recommendations and Tadawul’s 2021 framework Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 transformation has thrust ESG into the spotlight. Regulators are actively embedding sustainability into national strategy. For example, the Capital Market Authority (CMA) issued voluntary ESG disclosure guidelines in 2019, and the Saudi Exchange (Tadawul) issued its own ESG reporting framework in 2021. As Tadawul CEO Mohammed Al‑Rumaih observes, “Saudi Arabia is undergoing a rapid transformation under Vision 2030” centered on a sustainable financial ecosystem. Although formal ESG reporting is not yet mandatory, these guidelines signal a legal and cultural shift: according to Chambers & Partners, “no specific ESG reporting requirements” exist today, but Tadawul ESG disclosure guidelines serve as a resource for issuers. The government is now moving to codify ESG standards nationally – the Ministry of Economy and Planning has announced unified Saudi ESG guidelines aligned with international norms. In this evolving environment, boards must treat ESG governance as a strategic imperative and seek expert guidance on compliance. Vision 2030 and the ESG regulatory framework in Saudi Arabia Under Vision 2030, the Kingdom is rapidly expanding its sustainability agenda. The CMA’s 2019 disclosure guidelines encourage listed firms to report on environmental, social and governance factors , and the Saudi Exchange (Tadawul) has supported issuers’ ESG journeys (the Exchange stresses that working with issuers on ESG “is fundamental” to advancing the market ). In 2023, Saudi-listed firms also gained a dedicated ESG index to spotlight best practices . Notably, major national programs reinforce these reforms: Saudi Arabia has pledged to reach net-zero greenhouse emissions by 2060 under its Circular Carbon Economy strategy , and Aramco – the state oil giant – is targeting net-zero operations by 2050. Meanwhile, the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) aims to cut 278 million tons of CO₂ annually by 2030, backed by investment of hundreds of billions Saudi Riyals. These public commitments underscore how legal mandates (formal and voluntary) are converging with Vision 2030’s economic diversification goals. At present, boards and executive teams should note that although ESG disclosure remains largely voluntary and the regulatory guidance has been aspirational rather than mandatory, yet, this is changing fast. Authorities have signaled that ESG issues will be integrated into corporate governance rules and capital markets regulations. For example, the Chamber of Commerce and industry is developing unified corporate sustainability standards, and Tadawul has partnered with the UN Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative . These trends mean that savvy boards must interpret new mandates early and start charting out an action plan. Our firm can help directors and general counsel understand which reporting frameworks to follow and how to align disclosure with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 targets. Sector-Specific ESG Trends Saudi companies are responding to ESG in different ways across key industries: Energy and Renewables: The National Renewable Energy Program sets a target of 7 GW of renewables by 2030 (including 30 GW solar and 16 GW wind) . The Public Investment Fund (PIF) plans to deliver about 70% of this capacity . Innovative projects exemplify the ambition: NEOM’s The Line is designed as a “zero‑carbon city…running on 100% renewable energy” . On the oil side, Saudi Arabia has publicly committed to net-zero emissions by 2060, while Aramco aims for net-zero emissions from its own operations by 2050. These energy-sector shifts are attracting ESG- focused capital: global investors note that PIF has also partnered on large-scale green ventures (e.g. green hydrogen and localizing clean tech) that align with Saudi climate goals. Finance and Capital Markets: Sustainable finance is booming. Saudi issuers sold roughly US$8 billion worth green bonds and sukuk by 2023, up from about $1 billion in 2019 . The PIF has established a Green Finance Framework aligned with ICMA principles to guide these investments. Major banks are incorporating ESG into lending and risk policies, and one banking sector sustainability award has been won by a Saudi bank. On the market side, Tadawul’s ESG index and the CMA’s ESG guidelines (though voluntary) are raising expectations. International standards are gaining traction: many listed companies are adopting Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) or SASB frameworks for sustainability reporting . Our experience is that finance-sector boards are increasingly asking legal advisers how to integrate sustainability covenants and ESG ratings into their capital strategies, to satisfy both regulators and investors. Real Estate and Infrastructure: Saudi’s mega-projects prioritize ESG by For example, the Red Sea coastal resort (PIF-owned) just secured a SR14.12 billion green loan for new luxury hotels, which will be “powered by renewable energy” . Its sister project, Amaala, is likewise described by executives as a “g... --- ## Saudi Arabia Implements VAT Regulation Amendments : Key Changes and Strategic Implications URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabia-implements-vat-regulation-amendments-key-changes-and-strategic-implications/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-06 Words: 1092 > Introduction On April 18, 2025, the Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority (ZATCA) officially published Board Resolution No. (01-06-24) in the Official Gazette, marking significant amendments to the Value Added Tax... Introduction On April 18, 2025, the Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority (ZATCA) officially published Board Resolution No. (01-06-24) in the Official Gazette, marking significant amendments to the Value Added Tax (VAT) Implementing Regulations in Saudi Arabia. These changes are part of the Kingdom’s ongoing efforts to enhance tax compliance, align with international best practices, and support the objectives of Vision 2030. While most of the amendments are effective immediately, some provisions provide for delayed implementation dates to allow businesses time to get adjusted for adopting the changes. In addition, the ZATCA published new guidelines to clarify its interpretation of the amended regulations and assist businesses in implementing the changes. Key Changes Below, we highlight some of the significant changes introduced through the amended VAT regulations. VAT Grouping Rules Saudi Arabia 2025 Article “10-13” Overview: ZATCA has revised the criteria and conditions for forming and maintaining a VAT group. These changes aim to align group structures with stricter compliance standards, reducing potential misuse and tax avoidance. Key Changes: Each member of the VAT Group must independently meet VAT registration requirements. Entities must be resident in Saudi Arabia and have at least 50% common ownership/control. Companies in customs suspension zones or eligible for Article 70 refunds are generally not eligible, with limited exceptions. Transitional period until October 15, 2025, to allow businesses to adjust. Setting up of a new administrative authority for ZATCA to dissolve groups where conditions are no longer met. Implications: Businesses must immediately reassess their group structure for compliance. Ineligible members must be removed from the Group before the grace period ends. Groups must formalize internal agreements and ensure documentation aligns with regulatory requirements. There is increased risk of penalties for non-compliance or improper grouping. Definition of Services Article “14” Overview: The amendment to Article 14 significantly broadens what is considered a “service” under the VAT law, aiming to close loopholes and capture modern commercial arrangements. Key Changes: Services now explicitly include: – Assignments or transfers of rights (including IP) – Granting of facilities – Refraining from exercising rights – Any benefit offered to a third party Implications: Businesses must review contracts and transactions previously classified as non-taxable (from VAT perspective) or ambiguous. IP licensing, access to platforms, and similar intangible benefits may now trigger VAT obligations. Requires more detailed invoicing and documentation for service-based transactions. Nominal Supplies Article “15” Overview: Article 15 amendments clarifies the nominal supplies VAT treatment KSA (supplies made without consideration or internal use of goods), enhancing transparency and input-output VAT tracking. Key Changes: Certain transactions without payment such as gifts, internal transfers, or marketing use are treated as taxable supplies. VAT must be charged if input VAT was previously recovered on those goods/services. Implications: Businesses must monitor internal asset usage and apply VAT where applicable. Failure to report nominal supplies could lead to audit risks and penalties. Input VAT recovery processes must be closely linked to actual utilization. Transfer of Economic Activity​ Article “17” Overview: ZATCA now enforces stricter rules for TOGC scenarios, ensuring tax compliance in mergers, acquisitions, or asset transfers that involve operational businesses. Key Changes: Buyer and seller must notify ZATCA within 30 days of the transfer. Transfer of Going Concern (TOGC) is treated as non-taxable, but only if conditions are met and timely notice is submitted. Failure to notify converts the transaction into a taxable transaction Implications: Buyers and sellers must review sale agreements and include notification clauses. Legal and finance teams must coordinate closely on deal completion and ZATCA filings. Non-compliance could result in unexpected tax liabilities for either party. Zero Rating of Services​ Article “33” Overview: ZATCA redefined the conditions for zero-rating services provided to non-GCC residents to ensure more targeted and fair treatment of cross-border transactions. Key Changes: Zero-rating applies only if: – The recipient is outside the GCC. – The recipient directly benefits from the service. – The recipient is not related to any local (KSA) entity. Implications: Contracts involving cross-border services must clearly document the recipient’s location and independence. Zero-rating eligibility must be evidenced through documentation, or risk denial of the treatment. Multinational structures must avoid internal charges that could disqualify them from zero-rating. Deemed Supplier Rules for Marketplaces​ Article “47” Overview: To enhance VAT compliance covering the digital economy, ele... --- ## Sr. Associate Lawyer URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/sr-associate-lawyer/ Type: page Modified: 2025-12-09 Words: 402 > Comprehensive legal support in Saudi Arabia for corporate, banking, and dispute resolution. Trust Al-Ghazzawi & Partners’ proven expertise. Join Our Growing Legal Team Home Want to Help Businesses With Us? Sr. Associate Lawyer Embark on a journey of professional growth and impact in Saudi Arabia’s evolving legal landscape.In response to the dynamic legal landscape of Saudi Arabia, AlGhazzawi & Partners aims to bolster its Dispute Resolution and Corporate Practice Team. As Saudi Arabia’s legal framework undergoes rapid transformation and global integration, we seek a Senior Associate Lawyer who expresses proactive expertise. Joining our legal team, you will play a pivotal role in our forward-thinking legal approach, adeptly navigating Saudi law with intelligence. Together, we will shape the future of legal practice, where tradition converges with innovation, and excellence prevails.Role DescriptionThis is a full-time on-site role for a Sr. Associate Lawyer located in Dammam. The Sr. Associate Lawyer will be responsible for managing cases, drafting and reviewing legal documents, conducting legal research, advising clients, negotiating deals, and representing clients in court.Job Location: Dammam OfficeResponsibilitiesPerform all tasks typically expected of a senior associate covering the relevant practice areasDevelop strategies to ensure optimum outcomeApply analytical frame of mind and when required, create box solutions to issues on handPresent the issue before the judicial and quasi-judicial agencies effectivelyEnsure continuous communication with clients and build relationships and trustBe proactive in identifying and indicating gaps to clientsDelegate work effectively and mentor juniors Requirements/QualificationsThorough knowledge of Sharia Law and PrinciplesExcellent Academics credentialsDeeper Legal insights and knowledgeFluency in Arabic and English languagesDemonstrate initiative, proactivity, and maturityStrong research and analytical skillsComputer literateSkillsAdept in draftingGood interpersonal skills and ability to work in a teamAttention to detail and accuracyAbility to multitask and manage cases efficientlyExcellent written and oral communication and negotiation skillsExcellent interpersonal skills, including consensus building.Be abreast of the changes in the legal arenas and update clients on the impact of change on their businessEducation, Licensing & ExperienceJ.D. or LL.M from a reputed law school/universityValid license to practice lawAt least 5 PQE, preferably from a leading law firm in Saudi Arabia Apply Now First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Apply Now First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## career URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/career/ Type: page Modified: 2026-03-03 Words: 43 > Navigate Saudi business law with Al-Ghazzawi & Partners, a top Saudi law firm offering legal solutions in corporate law, banking, and investments. Join Our Growing Legal Team Home Want to Help Businesses With Us? Partner / Counsel View Position Details Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## What Are the New Executive Regulations for Labor Inspection in Saudi Arabia? URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/what-are-the-new-executive-regulations-for-labor-inspection-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-01 Words: 1168 > Saudi Arabia’s new Executive Regulations for Labor Inspection, effective from September 1, 2025, aim to modernize workplace oversight by integrating digital tools, standardizing inspections, and aligning labor practices with Vision... Saudi Arabia’s new Executive Regulations for Labor Inspection, effective from September 1, 2025, aim to modernize workplace oversight by integrating digital tools, standardizing inspections, and aligning labor practices with Vision 2030. The regulations enhance transparency, protect worker rights, and support employers through structured compliance guidance. In a significant move to modernize labor governance in line with Vision 2030, the Saudi Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD) has issued Ministerial Decision No. 120279 dated 28/8/1446H, approving the new Executive Regulations for Labor Inspection and its Organization. This regulation was published in the Official Gazette (Umm Al-Qura) in issue number 5048 on 10/09/1446H and went into effect in conjunction with the amendments to the Saudi Labor Law outlined in Royal Decree No. (M/44) dated 08/02/1444H. These new regulations mark a significant overhaul of the previous framework, replacing the earlier executive regulation issued by Cabinet Resolution No. (642) dated 24/08/1441H, and serve as the primary legal and procedural reference for labor inspections in the Kingdom. The reform comes as part of Saudi Arabia’s broader effort to enhance Saudi workplace inspections standards, ensure regulatory compliance, and align labor practices with the objectives of Vision 2030. Key Objectives of the Regulation: The Executive Regulations for Labor Inspection aim to create a transparent, balanced, and accountable framework for monitoring labor compliance in Saudi Arabia. The key objectives are as follows: Enhancing Inspection Efficiency and Professionalism: The regulation seeks to elevate the performance and capabilities of labor inspectors by standardizing qualifications, training requirements, and inspection procedures. This includes the integration of digital tools to streamline the processes and reduce manual errors. Ensuring Fair Enforcement of Labor Laws: One of the primary goals is to ensure that all labor laws, decisions, and executive regulations are applied uniformly and justly across all establishments, regardless of size, sector, or region. Balancing Regulatory Oversight and Employer Empowerment: The regulations emphasize a dual approach: upholding legal enforcement while also supporting employers with structured guidance, thereby fostering a culture of compliance rather than punitive control. Strengthening Governance and Transparency: Through clearly defined procedures, structured reporting, and electronic monitoring systems, the regulations aim to promote transparency, accountability, and data-driven decision-making in labor inspections. Safeguarding Workers’ Rights and Employer Interests: The regulations ensure the protection of both parties in the employment relationship. It helps maintain safe, fair, and lawful working environments while offering employers a reliable framework to operate within. Leveraging Digital Transformation: The implementation of electronic inspections and centralized databases allows the Ministry to conduct remote assessments, flag high-risk entities, and follow up on compliance efficiently. This aligns with the Kingdom’s national digital transformation strategy under Vision 2030. Achieving Vision 2030 Labor Market Goals: By modernizing labor oversight mechanisms, the regulation supports the broader goals of Saudi Vision 2030 labor compliance, particularly in enhancing labor market competitiveness, reducing violations, and improving the Kingdom’s overall regulatory landscape. Key Provisions of the Regulation: The Executive Regulations for Labor Inspection introduce a comprehensive framework that governs the scope, mechanisms, and enforcement of labor inspections in the Kingdom. These provisions serve to standardize practices across all regions and sectors, while strengthening legal certainty and operational efficiency. Defined Terms and Legal Scope: The regulation begins by clearly defining essential terms such as: Labor Inspection encompassing both physical and electronic inspections. Labor Inspector, an authorized official responsible for enforcement. Agency the supervisory division within the Ministry. Electronic Labor Inspections Saudi Arabia, which is the remote review of employer data and compliance indicators. This foundational clarity ensures consistent application and interpretation of the regulation. Saudi Labor Inspector Qualifications and Training: To raise the standard of enforcement, labor inspectors must meet specific criteria, including: Saudi nationality. A university degree or at least two years of relevant experience. Completion of a structured training program approved by the Ministry. Inspectors are also required to sign a professional code of conduct committing to neutrality, confidentiality, and integrity in their duties. Inspection Authority and Responsibilities: Labor inspectors are vested with powers to: Enter any establishment subject to the labor law during or outside of working h... --- ## License for Offshore Securities URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/license-for-offshore-securities/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1034 > Saudi Arabia is steadily positioning itself as a global financial hub. The latest move by the Capital Market Authority (CMA), the proposed Offshore Securities Business License marks a milestone in this journey. Designed to attract international... Saudi Arabia is steadily positioning itself as a global financial hub. The latest move by the Capital Market Authority (CMA), the proposed Offshore Securities Business License marks a milestone in this journey. Designed to attract international investors and foreign financial institutions, this license offers a structured, credible path to operate from Saudi Arabia while servicing offshore clients, and aligns with the broader goals of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 financial reforms. The License will be granted to foreign capital market institutions to operate offshore securities business through their regional headquarters As AlGhazzawi & Partners, a leading Saudi legal firm for financial licensing, we are well-positioned legal advisory for foreign financial institutions to help them seize this opportunity and navigate the new regulatory terrain with confidence. Key Benefits of Saudi Financial Licensing for Foreign Investors 1. Access to the Region’s Largest Capital Market Entry into a G20 economy amid historic diversification and investment under Vision 2030. Serve regional and global clients from within Saudi Arabia. Promote and conduct securities activities outside the Kingdom as well as manage funds by investing in securities within the Kingdom 2. Clear, Structured Licensing Process CMA pledges regulatory clarity, with decisions issued within 30 days of full documentation. 3. 10-Year Renewable License Long-term regulatory stability license valid for 10 years, automatically renewable. 4. Flexible Cross-Border Operations Firms may offer dealing, arranging, advising, managing, and custody services tied to foreign-issued securities. 5. Alignment with International Standards Emphasis on AML, risk management, fiduciary duties, client protection, and Chinese wall requirements. 6. Compatibility with Global Business Models Allows outsourcing of key roles (e.g. compliance officer, MLRO) to law or audit firms in Saudi Arabia. Key Risks to Consider in the Saudi Offshore Securities License 1. Regulatory Engagement Required Despite its “offshore” nature, licensees must fully engage with the CMA, including audits, inspections, and robust reporting. Needless to say, it provides security to all stakeholders and ensure that all comply with the internationally known reporting standards. 2. Limited Market Scope Client base restricted to non-resident foreigners, Saudi government entities, and local financial institutions; retail clients are excluded. 3. Currency & Capital Constraints Client funds must be held in non-SAR currencies. Must maintain capital covering one year’s expenses, plus adhere to prudential and indemnity insurance requirements. 4. Operational Oversight Requires local incorporation, Saudi-based HQ, and CMA-approved personnel for key roles. 5. Exit Limitations CMA can delay or deny license withdrawal for enforcement purposes, with a two-year post-exit jurisdiction window. How Saudi Arabia’s Offshore License Compares Globally? Compared to Dubai’s DIFC or Singapore’s MAS models: Saudi’s model is more localized requiring a physical presence, a local HQ, and CMA registration. Focuses strictly on offshore clients, whereas DIFC and ADGM allow more flexibility with retail access. Nonetheless, the license’s stability (10 years), clear governance, and strategic regional access make it attractive for long-term plays. The operational and regulatory requirements also overlap with the broader Saudi FinTech regulations for 2025, reflecting the Kingdom’s drive to modernize its financial services ecosystem. How to Get Licensed in Saudi Arabia: CMA Offshore License Application Process Foreign capital market institutions looking to benefit from this license must follow a clear and structured process. The CMA offshore license application involves submitting a detailed business plan, ownership charts, financial projections, and internal policies on AML, client onboarding, and risk management. The CMA commits to reviewing applications within 30 days of receiving all documentation, ensuring a transparent licensing pathway. How to Apply for the CMA offshore license in Saudi Arabia For foreign capital market institutions preparing to apply for the license Establish a Saudi entity and obtain a Regional Headquarters License from the Ministry of Investment (MISA). Appoint a CEO, CFO, Compliance Officer, and MLRO (outsourcing permitted with CMA-approved law/audit firms). Prepare: A detailed business plan (12+ months forward) Organizational and ownership charts Financial statements + 12-month projections Determine the permitted business scope (advising, managing, arranging, etc.). Develop internal policies on: AML/CFT compliance Conflict of interest handling Client onboarding, KYC, and risk classification Submit application to CMA with all required documents (Annex 3.1 of draft). Await CMA review and respond to inquiries within 30 days. Upon approval, launch operations within 12 months and maintain ongoing reporting. AlGhazzawi & Partners, ... --- ## Open Banking in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/open-banking-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1876 > In recent years, open banking has redefined the future of the global financial sector, fostering innovation, competition, and customer empowerment. Through a secure Application Programming Interface (API), open banking allows customers to... In recent years, open banking has redefined the future of the global financial sector, fostering innovation, competition, and customer empowerment. Through a secure Application Programming Interface (API), open banking allows customers to share their financial data with licensed third-party providers (TPPs), enabling tailored services that go beyond traditional banking. Under the umbrella of Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has committed to becoming a regional FinTech hub. As part of this transformation, the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) launched the Open Banking Framework, a pivotal step in modernizing the Kingdom’s financial infrastructure and ensuring that innovation and regulation evolve hand-in-hand. In this article, we explore what open banking means for Saudi Arabia, its regulatory landscape, and the critical legal considerations that financial institutions and third-party providers must address. What Is Open Banking? Open Banking is a financial services model that allows Third-Party Providers (TPPs) to access consumer financial data held by banks through secure and standardized technologies called Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), but only with the consumer’s explicit consent. In traditional banking, banks are the sole providers and custodians of financial services. However, with open banking, banks serve as enablers, while TPPs deliver innovative services such as: Account Information Services (AIS): Allowing access to consumer account details to provide consolidated financial views. Payment Initiation Services (PIS): Allowing TPPs to initiate payments directly from the customer’s bank account on their behalf. Through APIs, TPPs communicate directly with banks to retrieve information or initiate transactions. This process streamlines user experiences, enhances competition, and fosters financial innovation. A key advantage is that TPPs do not store sensitive customer credentials, instead, banks authenticate transactions, adding a layer of security. This shift represents a new era of collaborative finance, where FinTechs, banks, and consumers work together to create a more personalized, efficient, and data-driven financial ecosystems. Saudi Arabia’s Open Banking Framework In alignment with Saudi Vision 2030, the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) has developed a comprehensive Open Banking Framework to modernize and regulate open banking across the Kingdom. The framework is designed to support innovation, enhance customer experience, and ensure financial stability and security within the evolving digital economy. Phased Implementation Strategy SAMA has adopted a three-phase roadmap to roll out open banking services in KSA: 1- Design Phase (First Half of 2021) Focused on building the foundation of the open banking ecosystem. Included defining business use cases, legal frameworks, and technology standards. 2- Implementation Phase (Second Half of 2021) Establishing the required technical infrastructure, issuing guidelines, and preparing banks and FinTechs for participation. 3- Launch Phase (First Half of 2022) Marked the public release of open banking services, starting with Account Information Services (AIS) and progressing toward Payment Initiation Services (PIS). Key Components of the SAMA Open Banking framework: SAMA’s framework includes: Regulatory Guidelines: Legislation and supervisory requirements for banks and Third-Party Providers (TPPs). API Specifications: Standardized technical protocols to ensure safe and seamless data exchange. Operational Guidelines: Best practices for system reliability, security, and customer support. Customer Experience Guidelines: Requirements to ensure transparency, simplicity, and informed consent in user interactions. Use Cases & Business Rules: Predefined scenarios that support financial innovation while maintaining regulatory control. Open Banking Lab To complement the framework, SAMA launched the Open Banking Lab in 2023, a secure testing environment that allows banks and FinTech companies to: Develop and test open banking services using mock data. Validate APIs through conformance testing suites. Simulate real-world banking environments to ensure operational readiness before market entry. Regulatory Releases SAMA has published two official releases within the framework: First Release: Focused on Account Information Services (AIS) APIs. Second Release (Feb 2024): Focused on Payment Initiation Services (PIS) APIs, aiming to enhance the efficiency and security of digital payments. Market Impact and Consumer Benefits The introduction of open banking in Saudi Arabia is not only transforming how financial services are delivered but also redefining the roles of banks, consumers, and third-party providers (TPPs). By fostering innovation, enhancing transparency, and promoting competition, open banking has significant implications for the financial sector and consumers across the Kingdom. 1- Consumer Empowerment and Data Ownership Open banking gives customers control over thei... --- ## Mergers and Acquisitions in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/mergers-and-acquisitions-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 585 > As Saudi Arabia advances under its Vision 2030 goals, the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) landscape has become a focal point for both local and international investors. With the Kingdom’s strategic... As Saudi Arabia advances under its Vision 2030 goals, the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) landscape has become a focal point for both local and international investors. With the Kingdom’s strategic emphases on economic diversification, privatization, and fostering foreign investment, M&A activities are witnessing an unprecedented growth. Key drivers of M&A activities in the Kingdom include Vision 2030 Investment Opportunities & Initiatives: Government-led programs focusing on privatization and public-private partnerships (PPPs) have created new opportunities for investors for expansion consolidation through both the organic and inorganic growth. Sectoral Growth: Industries such as healthcare, mining, energy, technology, and entertainment are experiencing rapid expansion, attracting M&A interest. Regulatory Reforms: Streamlined business regulations and enhanced foreign ownership laws have facilitated cross-border M&A deals. Legal Framework for M&A Transactions Governing Laws and Regulations M&A transactions in Saudi Arabia are governed by several laws and regulations, including: – Companies Law: Provides the legal framework for mergers, acquisitions, and corporate governance. – Competition Law: Overseen by the General Authority for Competition (GAC), this law ensures fair competition and prohibits anti-competition practices. – Capital Market Law: Regulates transactions involving publicly traded companies, under the supervision of the Capital Market Authority (CMA) as well as regulates investments in different forms. – Foreign Investment Law: Administered by the Ministry of Investment (MISA), it governs foreign ownership and investment in Saudi companies. Key Regulatory Bodies Ministry of Commerce: Oversees compliance with the Companies Law. General Authority for Competition KSA (GAC): Reviews M&A transactions to prevent anti-competitive behavior. Capital Market Authority Saudi Arabia (CMA): Regulates M&A activities involving publicly listed companies. Due Diligence Requirements Conducting a thorough due diligence is critical for M&A success. This includes: Reviewing corporate structures, contracts, and compliance with different regulatory regimes and financial statements. Assessing compliance with labor laws, both before the M&A transaction and post transaction, intellectual property (IP) rights, and environmental regulations. Identifying potential liabilities and risks Opportunities in the Saudi M&A Market Strategic Sectors: Certain sectors offer significant opportunities for M&A: Energy Transition: Investments in renewable energy and green technologies. Healthcare: Expansion of private healthcare services. Technology: Growth in e-commerce, FinTech, and digital transformation initiatives. Entertainment: Booming tourism and cultural development projects. Privatization Programs: Efforts of privatization in Saudi Arabia have opened the door to acquiring stakes in previously state-owned enterprises, particularly in sectors like utilities, education, and transport. Cross-Border Deals: Relaxation of foreign ownership restrictions has made Saudi Arabia an attractive destination for international investors looking for cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Challenges in M&A Transactions While the Saudi M&A market presents exciting opportunities, there are challenges to consider: Regulatory Complexity: Navigating multiple regulatory frameworks and approval processes can be time-consuming. Cultural Considerations: Understanding local business culture and practices is essential for successful integration. Valuation Disparities: Discrepancies in valuation expectations between buyers and sellers can delay negotiations. Economic Volatility: Global economic uncertainties and fluctuating oil prices may impact deal-making. Best Practices for Successful M&A Transactions To ensure the success of M&A transactions in Saudi Arabia, businesses should: Engage experienced Legal Counsel: Work with legal experts familiar with Saudi laws and regulations. Conduct Comprehensive Due Diligence: Identify potential risks and ensure regulatory compliance. Develop a Clear Integration Plan: Align corporate cultures and operational systems post-merger. Seek Regulatory Approvals Early: Engage with relevant authorities to avoid delays. --- ## The Unified Contract for Lawyer Fees – Enhancing Preventive Justice URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/the-unified-contract-for-lawyer-fees-enhancing-preventive-justice/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 155 > The Saudi Ministry of Justice has officially launched the Unified Contract for Lawyer Fees, led by His Excellency the Minister of Justice and Chairman of the Saudi Bar Association, Walid Al-Samaani.... The Saudi Ministry of Justice has officially launched the Unified Contract for Lawyer Fees, led by His Excellency the Minister of Justice and Chairman of the Saudi Bar Association, Walid Al-Samaani. This unified legal contract aims to regulate the contractual relationship between lawyers and clients under a clear and transparent framework, strengthening preventive justice in the Kingdom. Key Highlights This Saudi unified contract is legally binding and enforceable, created through theNajiz platformand electronically processed by enforcement courts via the sa platform, thus removing the need for court proceedings to file lawsuits. It provides clear documentation of legal services, including representation, consultations, document preparation, notifications, and fee transactions. It helps document all associated transactions, including payment of fees, the exchange of documents, and communications shared between the parties. It outlines how law firms are required to return all client assets after the payment of fees, and how clients are required to punctually pay their fees. --- ## form URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/form/ Type: page Modified: 2025-07-06 Words: 546 > Download the New Companies Law Guide Download the New Foreign Investment Guidelines New Foreign Investment Guidelines Submit the form below to access the PDF guide History Of Success We are... Download the New Companies Law Guide Download the New Foreign Investment Guidelines New Foreign Investment Guidelines Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. A Heritage Of High Standards History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th FloorPrince Muhammad StreetP.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411T: +966 13 8331611F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Jeddah Commercial Centre, 3rd FloorAl Maady Street, Corniche Al HamraP.O. Box 7346, Jeddah 21462T: +966 12 6531576F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th FloorKing Fahd RoadP.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413T: +966 11 4632374F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Saudi Arabia’s Draft Global AI Hub Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabias-draft-global-ai-hub-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 2027 > Introduction As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform global industries and redefine economic priorities, Saudi Arabia is taking a proactive legislative approach to enhance its leadership in the field. In... Introduction As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform global industries and redefine economic priorities, Saudi Arabia is taking a proactive legislative approach to enhance its leadership in the field. In alignment with Vision 2030 and the National Strategy for Data & Artificial Intelligence (NSDAI), the Kingdom has introduced a groundbreaking legislative initiative: the Draft Global AI Hub Law. Issued by the Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST) on April 14, 2025, the draft law is designed to position Saudi Arabia as a global destination for AI innovation and investment. It proposes a legal framework to regulate the development, deployment, and governance of AI technologies, while also encouraging the establishment of sovereign data centers or “AI hubs” within the Kingdom’s jurisdiction. These hubs aim to attract both foreign governments and participation by private sector entities, offering a secure and strategically regulated environment for AI infrastructure and operations. Objectives of the Draft Law 1. Positioning Saudi Arabia as a Global AI Leader Saudi Arabia aims to be at the forefront of AI innovation as part of its Vision 2030 and the National Strategy for Data & Artificial Intelligence (NSDAI). The law supports this ambition by: Offering a clear, competitive legal environment for investments by foreign entities in ventures involving AI. Attracting global partnerships with governments, companies, and institutions to build advanced AI “hubs” in the Kingdom. Establishing Saudi Arabia as a focal point for sovereign AI infrastructure in the MENA region 2. Enabling Legal Certainty and Investor Confidence The draft law seeks to create a clear legal framework that encourages long-term investment by: Defining the rights and obligations of AI hub operators, including foreign entities. Clarifying regulatory jurisdiction, liability, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Minimizing legal uncertainty in cross-border data protection, data governance and AI deployment. This fosters predictability and legal security, both key to attracting sophisticated international stakeholders. 3. Protecting National Sovereignty and Data Jurisdiction AI hubs will host large volumes of sensitive and strategic data. The draft law ensures that: All data generated or stored within the Kingdom is subject to Saudi jurisdiction. Foreign operators must comply with Saudi regulations on data handling, cybersecurity, and code of ethics. The state retains legal authority over AI activities that may impact national security, critical infrastructure, or public policy. 4. Facilitating Technological Innovation under Legal Oversight While fostering innovation, the law also ensures a regulated environment by: Requiring registration and approval of AI technologies and activities. Creating criteria for AI hubs that align with Saudi ethical standards, data privacy laws, and technology goals. Supporting responsible experimentation and development through a well-defined regulatory sandbox. 5. Supporting Cross-Border Digital Infrastructure Investment within a Saudi Legal Framework The draft law encourages international collaboration and investment by enabling: Foreign governments and companies to operate within Saudi Arabia under transparent legal conditions. Development of digital infrastructure like data centers, machine learning labs, and AI platforms, all under Saudi legal protection. Legal frameworks for managing cross-border data flows, ownership rights, and export/import of digital services Providing a transparent mechanism for investors and collaborations to enjoy the fruits of success and IP rights over technologies and innovations 6. Ensuring Compliance with International Best Practices The law aligns with global trends in AI regulation and governance by: Reflecting elements from the EU AI Act, OECD AI Principles, and UNESCO guidelines. Demonstrating Saudi Arabia’s readiness to engage in multilateral AI governance discussions. Attracting entities looking for jurisdictions with forward-looking, internationally credible regulations. Key Provisions of the Draft Global AI Hub Law 1. Licensing & Registration The draft law mandates that any entity, whether local or international, that intends to establish or operate an AI hub in Saudi Arabia must register and obtain a license from the Communications, Space & Technology Commission (CST). This applies to both physical infrastructure and AI technologies deployed within these hubs. The licensing system includes strict eligibility criteria, particularly for foreign governments and private sector entities, ensuring only qualified and compliant participants will be licensed to operate. The goal is to maintain national security while encouraging trusted international collaboration. 2. Jurisdiction & Sovereignty The law asserts that all activities and data hosted within the AI hubs, regardless of the nationality of the operators will be governed by the relevant laws of Saudi Ar... --- ## Annual Commercial Registration Update URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/annual-commercial-registration-update/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 330 > Effective 2 April 2025, the updated KSA Commercial Register Law brings with it a crucial new compliance obligation for companies: the annual update of Commercial Registrations (CR). This change, overseen... Effective 2 April 2025, the updated KSA Commercial Register Law brings with it a crucial new compliance obligation for companies: the annual update of Commercial Registrations (CR). This change, overseen by the Ministry of Commerce, provides important implications for maintaining business operations without disruption. What’s New in the CR System? The Ministry of Commerce has eliminated the expiration date and fixed validity period traditionally found in CRs. Instead, the system now highlights the original date of issuance, a move that aligns with the new annual update requirement. Businesses are now expected to confirm and update their CR every year based on this issuance date. How and When to Update Companies can begin the update process 30 days before the anniversary of the CR’s original issuance. For example, if a company’s CR was issued on 30 June 2024, it can initiate the update from 1 June 2025 via the Saudi Business Center portal. However, there is a 90-day grace period from the due date. If this period lapses without compliance, the CR will be suspended for a year. Restoration will require payment of both the annual fee and a penalty. Non-Compliance Risks Neglecting this annual requirement can have serious consequences: CR suspension penalties in the KSA can lead to a halt in business operations. Frozen bank accounts, blocked access to government services, and ineligibility for public and private contracts. If left unresolved for over a year, the CR may be cancelled, and companies could face fines of up to SAR 50,000. Steps for Compliance Confirm the original issuance date of your CR via the Ministry of Commerce or Saudi Business Center portals. Update your CR annually, starting from 30 days before the due date and no later than 90 days after. Ignore the expiration date on your current CR, as it is no longer valid under the new system. With these updates in place, businesses must act proactively to avoid penalties and ensure uninterrupted operations. --- ## Tax URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/tax/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1767 > Get expert legal and tax advisory in Saudi Arabia from Al-Ghazzawi & Partners, your partner in corporate tax planning and dispute resolution. Tax Leaders In Taxation Law Home Expertise Tax Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Saudi Arabia is a unique tax jurisdiction where companies based in the Kingdom are generally subject to two different tax regimes – Zakat and/or Income Tax – based on the nationality of their owners. Companies are also subject to Value-Added Tax (VAT), real estate tax, customs and duties, withholding taxes on foreign entities, and must address the issue of double taxation.With recent reforms and increased use of IT, the Saudi tax authority is aiming to increase compliance with tax laws and regulations, reduce tax evasion, and improve the Kingdom’s alignment with international standards. These reforms include new auditing standards that require greater accountability and requirements to file detailed returns in a timely manner. They also include recent e-invoicing requirements aimed to improve the efficiency and transparency of the filing process for taxpayers.AlGhazzawi & Partners understands the complexities of the Saudi tax system and how it applies to your unique situation. Sophisticated legal support is essential for you to navigate changes to tax law, regulation, auditing, and filing standards. For over 50 years, our tax practice has assisted clients with domestic and international corporate tax planning, litigation of tax-related cases, , and representation on industry and client-specific issues.Experienced Legal Support for Complex Tax ChallengesThere have been several recent changes to the Saudi tax regime which require careful consideration and special expertise:The Saudi Council of Ministers approved merging of the General Authority of Zakat and Tax (GAZT) and the General Authority of Customs to form the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) to bring greater visibility and efficiency to tax compliance.ZACTA has publishing detailed guidelines to increases clarity on Zakat, income tax, and VAT laws and regulations.ZATCA has also published e-invoicing requirements and standards that affect VAT invoices, debit notes, and credit notes.New requirements and tax rates were published for withholding taxes on payments to foreign entities.Establishment of the new Integrated Logistics Zone (ILBZ) as a special economic zone with zero corporate income tax on income earned from specific activities for up to 50 years.Signing of the OECD’s Multilateral Convention (MLI) to implement anti-tax treaty abuse BEPS measures and better align with existing double-tax treaties.Establishment of the Tax/Zakat Dispute Resolution Committee (DRC) and associated guidelines.Intention to address double-taxation on income through a new tax credit mechanism.New tax on real estate transaction values regardless of condition, shape, or use at the time of the disposal.Increases in the customs duty rates applying to a wide range of products.As a result of this increasing complexity, all Saudi-resident and non-resident companies operating in the Kingdom, regardless of their ownership structure, can depend on our team for continuous and diligent tax advice. We offer sophisticated strategies from corporate tax structuring and planning through to resolving tax disputes with regulators and support during litigation. We can handle charges from regulatory bodies concerning delayed tax filings and provision of documents for less than expected revenues. You can expect full-service legal support for contentious and non-contentious issues. With our expertise and prompt action, we can help you structure your business for maximum tax efficiency and keep you onside with Saudi tax authorities.About Our Tax Practice GroupWe have handled many complicated tax issues for Saudi, GCC, and foreign clients. Our team has a range of experience with all manner of tax issues including tax planning for M&A, dispositions of business enterprises, capital markets transactions, mixed joint venture, tax planning for real estate transactions, and resolving complicated disputes between Saudi and non-Saudi partners over tax liabilities.Notable tax matters include:Assisting a national construction services company in filing an objection against assessments made by ZATCA) for the past (3) years.Contact Our Tax Practice Group Legal TeamNo matter the complexity or time-sensitive nature of the tax issue at hand, our legal team has the experience and knowledge to find apt solutions for your situation and resolve tax issues with urgency. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide tax services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs Why is Saudi Arabia’s tax system unique? Saudi Arabia applies different tax regimes: Zakat or Income Tax. Depending on the ownership nationality. Companies may also face VAT, real estate taxes, customs duties, and withholding taxes, requiring careful navigation of overlapping rules. What recent changes have been made to the Saudi tax law and regul... --- ## Real Estate & Construction URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/real-estate/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2309 > Discover Saudi legal excellence with Al-Ghazzawi & Partners, specializing in business investment, corporate law, and property lawyer services in Dammam. Real Estate & Construction Leaders In Real Estate & Construction Law Home Expertise Commercial Real Estate & Construction Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam AlGhazzawi & Partners’ Construction and Commercial Real Estate Practice has advised on thousands of matters involving some of the Kingdom’s largest transactions and projects. They include power stations, telecommunications systems, roads, railways, public spaces, real estate developments, and other complex projects.We encourage our clients to involve our legal team in the early stages of a project in order to minimize the risks and exposure to claims and disputes, thereby helping them maintain good working relationships with other stakeholders and complete projects on time and on budget.We have assisted both domestic and international clients on all aspects of real estate including purchase and sale, financing and refinancing, foreclosures, leases, zoning issues, title examinations, title disputes, closings, and managing the relationship with regulatory authorities and other stakeholders involved in development projects including under the Public Private Partnerships (PPP) model.About Our Real Estate and Construction Practice GroupAs a leading Saudi law firm with over five decades of experience, we are proud of our active role in the unprecedented growth of real estate development in the Kingdom. Our team has advised on thousands of real estate matters involving some of the Kingdom’s largest transactions and projects. We continue to be the preferred and trusted legal advisors to some of the most prolific real estate investors and developers in the Region and around the world.Notable Real Estate & Construction projects include:Advising a UAE bank and a Kuwaiti real estate conglomerate on their USD $3.2 billion investment in 8 towers in the City of Makkah.Aiding Jazan Economic City Land Limited and MMC International, a Malaysian company, on various matters related to the development and financing of Jazan Economic City.Advising Jeddah Development & Urban Regenerating Co. (JDURC), the commercial arm of the Municipality of Jeddah on setting up tenders to invite international consortia in developing various real estate projects known as Jeddah East; Jeddah Cultural and Social Centre, a 170,000 square meters Corniche to be rehabilitated and renovated and the Khozam Palace, a 690,000 square meters land in reviewing and advising on the relevant requests for proposals, information memoranda, the development agreements and the joint venture agreements and supervising the required legal due diligences, including advice on the tender process and all regulatory matters.Advising Al-Balad Al Ameen Development and Urban Regeneration, the real estate arm of the Makkah Municipality, on the formation of several urban development companies, involved in the development of several slums in Makkah Al Mukarramah, increase and entry of new shareholders and conversion of these companies to closed joint-stock companies, including drafting the shareholders’ agreement, in Makkah Al Mukarramah.Aiding Saudi Investment Group & Marketing Co. Ltd. (SIGMAC), on a number of development projects, including: Mixed-use project on Sultan Street, Jeddah, Arabian Business Centre, a nine-story commercial building on Prince Mohammed Street in Dammam, Al-Waha Mall in Dammam, Millennium Centre in Jeddah, a commercial building with a built-up and lettable area of around 9,000 square metres.Advising Jabal Omar Development Company, on the second biggest rights issue in Saudi Arabia in the total amount USD $688 million. Our services included advising on numerous issues relating to the slum areas in Makkah, and the public offering of the shares; the complexity of the transaction involved issues related to the property which most of the Makkah residents encounter in this Holy City.Advising a major closed joint-stock company on the development of an area of 1.7 million square meters in Makkah Al Mukarramah city including drafting the shareholders’ agreement, forming the company and increasing the capital of the company;Aiding a municipal company with several disputes over the partnership with the private sector and the liability of the municipal companies for the early termination of the development projects contracts and withdrawal of projects, in Makkah Al Mukarramah.Working with the Eastern Province Municipality in rendering comprehensive advice for forming a public company for executing a huge real estate development project for beautification of Dammam’s waterfront beach.Advising a municipal company, a subsidiary of the commercial arm of the Municipality of Makkah, on its development of 6.6 million square meters of land in Makkah city.Construction – Notable Credentials:Acting for AL-Latifia Trading and Contracting Company, a leading large sized contracting company in its dispute with one of its subcontractors, a subsidiary of a UAE based construction conglomerate covering M... --- ## Public Projects & PPP URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/public-projects-ppp/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1649 > Get legal support from Saudi law firms specializing in PPP projects, infrastructure, and public-private partnership legal services in the Kingdom. Public Projects & PPP Leaders In Public Projects & PPP Law Home Expertise Public Projects and PPP Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Massive investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure is underway, presenting new opportunities for domestic and foreign-owned companies to participate in the estimated USD $492 billion spending plan over the next 25 years. Needless to say, involvement in public projects of this scale requires robust legal support for understanding public tendering requirements, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, procurement regulations, dispute resolution mechanisms, and other legal matters as well as a review of contracts for such projects.AlGhazzawi & Partners is well-positioned to provide the legal expertise needed for large-scale government infrastructure works and other projects. Thanks to our long drawn experience of over 50 years and huge knowledge base of the local laws and regulatory frameworks covering public procurement policy, concession arrangements in different areas, real estate expropriation for the public good, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), we have been guiding clients in navigating through the maze of regulatory, legal and business processes in a seamless manner.With a full range of business legal services and a highly experienced team, we have the foresight and relevant insights to help you conduct business in the Kingdom with confidence and increase your chances of success.Experienced Legal Support for Public Infrastructure Projects in KSAWe have vast experience advising clients during the tendering, planning, building, and support phases for major infrastructure projects in transportation, power, water, and waste management. Any involvement in mega projects requires a seasoned, full-service legal firm with a wide breadth of experience in order to protect your interests and help you navigate the complexities of government and associated regulatory regimes.We advise private companies in understanding the public tendering and procurement regulations in the Kingdom. Our experts then guide clients throughout the life of the project, including managing the relationship between public and private entities. We regularly assist in contract negotiation and drafting, project financing, real estate support, tax issues, employment concerns, dispute resolution, litigation, and other ongoing support for complex legal challenges you may face in public and private-public partnership projects.For public agencies, we offer legal expertise during tendering processes and in managing their relationship with private partners to execute projects effectively. We can also set up entities for public agencies to undertake development projects.About Our Public Projects Practice Group:Our legal team has been involved in some of the Kingdom’s largest infrastructure projects over the last five decades. We can help you safely navigate the public tendering and PPP process.Notable Public Projects and PPP Matters include:Advising a Spanish-Saudi consortium on all contractual aspects of the USD $8.25 billion Phase 2 of the Haramain High Speed Railway Project.Revising contracts and advising a leading Chinese railway construction company on all legal issues of its USD $2 billion Mecca Metro Project.Supporting and reviewing a French and Spanish consortium on their bids for the operation and management of water and wastewater systems in Riyadh and Jeddah.Contact Our Legal TeamNo matter the scale or complexity of your public project of interest, our legal team has the depth of experience and knowledge to provide wise and timely legal guidance. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide legal services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs Why is Saudi Arabia an attractive destination for public infrastructure investment? Saudi Arabia is undergoing a massive infrastructure transformation, with an estimated $492 billion spending plan over the next 25 years. This includes projects in transportation, power, water, and waste management. What kind of legal support do public infrastructure projects require? These projects demand comprehensive legal support, including understanding public tendering and procurement regulations, navigating Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), structuring project financing, contract negotiation and drafting, real estate, tax, and employment compliance, as well as dispute resolution and litigation strategies. What is your experience with Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)? With over 50 years of legal experience, our firm has guided multiple public and private clients on structuring PPP agreements, drafting and reviewing concession contracts, navigating regulatory frameworks, managing relationships between public entities and private investors, and supporting project development through legal strategy and execution. What sectors of infrastru... --- ## Technology & Telecommunications URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/sector/technology-and-telecommunications/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1463 > Expert legal guidance on telecom staffing, infrastructure, and law in Saudi Arabia. Trust Al-Ghazzawi & Partners for your tech sector needs. Technology & Telecommunications Proven Leadership In Technology, E-Commerce, and Telecom Law Home Expertise Technology, E-Commerce, and Telecom Legal Expertise in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Saudi Arabia has adopted new technology at a rapid pace. From government services to retail purchases and day-to-day communications, the expectations of individuals and businesses relating to technology usage have skyrocketed.Furthermore, diversification and privatization initiatives in the Kingdom opened the telecommunications sector to private operators, generating new investment opportunities and a great deal of business activity in a previously inaccessible sector.These rapid changes in technology and communications, coupled with the growing importance of data ownership, privacy, and security, require robust legal support that protects business owners and operators.Our legal team is very dynamic, regularly participating in global seminars and workshops that address technology matters and legal challenges surrounding the convergence of hardware, data, information technology, internet, telecommunications, and media. We also draw support and knowledge from a vast network of experts in the technology community who greatly enhance the value received by our clients.We help clients uncover opportunities to commercialize untapped value in their technologies and capitalize on emerging opportunities. We also advise on the legal aspects of data security and privacy, and on contractual issues relating to data management.We have gained rich knowledge of the Saudi telecom framework which covers the minutest regulatory and administrative details required to successfully operate in the Kingdom. Our Telecom Practice not only covers matters related to mobile and fixed-line operations, but also includes wireless services, VSAT, fiber optics networks, satellite-based services, virtual private networks, and leased line services. We regularly advise both local and overseas telecom operators on various commercial and regulatory issues.We also act for a number of technology-centric companies including e-commerce and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) providers, both foreign and domestic. Our lawyers are experienced in all aspects of technology and e-commerce transactions, including software and hardware licensing, terms of use, intellectual property and patent protection, and partnership agreements.Because of our robust business law practice, we also assist technology, e-commerce, and telecom clients with all aspects of corporate law including M & A, business structuring, environmental regulations, employment law issues, in addition to handling complex disputes with shareholders, partners, customers, and suppliers.Notable telecom & technology projects include:A leading domestic mobile operator in relation to its USD $3 billion Sharia-compliant financing, to refinance an existing bridge facility and to fund Mobily’s business and network build-out plan in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.An investment company in relation to the bidding process for the second GSM license in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.A leading international mobile communications provider in securing and reviewing certain agreements concerning large equipment projects in Saudi ArabiaA leading mobile telecom operator in its USD $300 million dispute with another mobile operator over sharing of revenues. Succeeded in having the parties settle the matter amicably.A leading mobile telecom operator in a claim raised by an individual over infringement of patent.An investment company partnering with a leading telecom company with respect to large equipment projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia including reviewing and advising on certain agreements concerning these projects.A consortium formed between foreign telecom companies and Saudi entities in its bid for operating fixed-line services.An investment company (part of a consortium with a leading UK mobile company) in the entire process of bidding for the second GSM license in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and on various legal aspects of Saudi law on the bidding process.A leading telecom equipment manufacturer on a variety of corporate and contracting issues.Contact Our Legal TeamNo matter the complexity of your matter, the experienced legal team at AlGhazzawi & Partners has the depth of experience and foresight to help you conduct business with confidence and defend your interest in a cost-effective manner. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide legal services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less Contact Us Today Key Contacts Dr. Belal T. Al Ghazzawi Senior Managing Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Managing Partner hussam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Wissam Alfred Chbeir Counsel wissam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 11 463 2374 +966 54 000 6611 Meet Our Tech & Telecom Team Insights... --- ## Infrastructure URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/sector/infrastructure/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1299 > AlGhazzawi & Partners is a leading law firm in the Infrastructure sector, offering advisory services across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Infrastructure Sound Guidance for Complex Infrastructure Projects Home Expertise Infrastructure and PPP Legal Expertise in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam It is estimated that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will invest USD $492 billion in infrastructure over the next 25 years. Any Involvement in public projects of this scale requires robust legal support to understand public tendering requirements, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, procurement regulations, dispute resolution mechanisms, and other legal matters as well as a review of contracts for such projects.AlGhazzawi & Partners has vast experience in infrastructure, PPP, and privatization projects – in particular in relation to transportation, power, water, and waste management.Our legal practice advises global companies, sponsors, banks, and other financial institutions on all aspects of projects around the world. This encompasses the full range of corporate and regulatory matters affecting the infrastructure sector, including trade, privatizations, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, environmental regulation, employment issues, litigation, and arbitration in both domestic and international jurisdictions.Robust Legal Support for Infrastructure Projects in the KingdomWe advise private companies in understanding the public tendering and procurement regulations in the Kingdom. Our experts then guide clients throughout the life of the project, including managing the relationship between public and private entities. We regularly assist in contract negotiation and drafting, project financing, real estate support, tax issues, employment concerns, dispute resolution, litigation, and other ongoing support for complex legal challenges you may face throughout the life of your project.Notable infrastructure projects include:Advising a Spanish-Saudi consortium on all contractual aspects of the USD $8.25 billion Phase 2 of the Haramain High Speed Railway Project.Revising contracts and advising a leading Chinese railway construction company on all legal issues of its USD $2 billion Mecca Metro Project.Supporting and reviewing a French and Spanish consortium on their bids for the operation and management of water and wastewater systems in Riyadh and Jeddah.Advising Jeddah Municipality on its strategic infrastructure and construction projects, including the renovation of the 17,000 square metre Jeddah Corniche and the Khozam Palace project.Working alongside Jeddah Province Municipality on a tender to invite international consortiums to develop projects known as Jeddah East and Jeddah Cultural & Social Centre.Aiding Jazan Economic City Land Limited and MMC International, a Malaysian company, on various matters related to the development and financing of Jazan Economic City.Advising Jeddah Development & Urban Regeneration Co. (JDURC), a joint stock company of Jeddah Municipality, on numerous development projects including Jabal Omar Development. Work included advice on the tender process and drafting of RFPs.Using our commercial bank financing expertise to guide a consortium comprised of Japanese multinationals on its bid for the 3 billion USD Marafiq power and desalination projects.Contact Our Legal TeamNo matter the complexity of your matter, the experienced legal team at AlGhazzawi & Partners has the depth of experience and foresight to help you conduct business with confidence and defend your interest in a cost-effective manner. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide legal services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less Contact Us Today Key Contacts Dr. Belal T. Al Ghazzawi Senior Managing Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Managing Partner hussam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Wissam Alfred Chbeir Counsel wissam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 11 463 2374 +966 54 000 6611 Meet Our Infrastructure Team Insights Read Our Latest Updates on the Kingdom’s Laws & Regulations Saudi Arabia's New Sports Law 2026: Investment, Licensing, Governance and Arbitration A Unified Regulatory Framework Before the introduction of the new Sports Law, sports activities in Saudi... Read More Legal Updates post Latest Legal Updates 23 July 2026 Commodity Exchange Authorization The Capital Market Authority... Read More Cloud & Outsourcing for the Financial Sector Why Outsourcing & Cloud Compliance Matters As financial institutions adopt cloud technology and outsourcing... Read More Major Changes in the New Enforcement Law & Their Impact in Saudi Arabia Key Changes Compared to the Previous Enforcement Law 1. Digital and Electronic Enforcement The new law... Read More Transforming Secured Transactions in Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of the Saudi Movable Property Security Law 2020 Main Points of Difference First: Abolition of Possession Requirement Traditionally, a pledge over a movable... Read More Cybersecurity After 2025: From Thre... --- ## Energy & Resources URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/sector/energy-and-resources/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1282 > AlGhazzawi & Partners is a leading law firm in the Energy and Resources sector, offering advisory services across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Energy & Resources Proven Guidance for Complex Energy and Resources Projects Home Expertise Legal Expertise for the Energy and Resources Sector in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Energy and resources remain the backbone of the Saudi Economy. This includes direct oil production and a wide variety of affiliated industries such as petrochemicals, plastics, polyurethane, and polypropylene, all of which have witnessed a rapid increase in economic activity.As the largest law firm in the Eastern Province with over 50 years of experience and one of the largest law firms in the Kingdom, AlGhazzawi & Partners is a major player in the energy and resources sector. Our Dammam office grew alongside the Kingdom’s oil industry, becoming the trusted legal partner for the major petroleum companies on all aspects of Saudi Laws and Regulations. We have advised clients on both upstream and downstream projects including those relating to on-land and offshore pipelines, refining facilities, mobile offshore jack-up rigs, and gas sales arrangements.Furthermore, as a full-service business law firm, our practice encompasses a full range of corporate and regulatory matters affecting the energy sector, including trade, privatizations, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, environmental regulation, intellectual property protection, litigation, and arbitration in both domestic and international tribunals.Notable energy and resources projects include advising:an oil and gas major on a case filed by a publicly listed joint-stock agricultural company alleging appropriation of large tracts of land by our client demanding compensation in excess of USD $900 million. Our team successfully contested the ruling issued by the lower courts at the appellate level.an oil and gas major in a dispute with a publicly listed refining company over contractual obligations and compensation sought in amounts exceeding USD $400 million.a large-sized Saudi oil company in a dispute with a contractual petrochemical company in the Board of Grievance Commercial Committee, the value of the claim being USD $200 million.An oil and gas major in a dispute with a publicly listed refining company over contract compensation claiming a sum of USD $300 million.An oil and gas major in a USD $217 million damages claim for breach of contract and non-payment in relation to a kerosene purchase agreement.An oil and gas major faced with hundreds of claims related to compensation against expropriation of the lands and disputes over ownership of real estate and request for development of land.An oil and gas major in a claim of over USD 100 Million claim alleging appropriation of large tract of land in Yanbu – Successfully defended the client and had the claim overturnedContact Our Legal TeamNo matter the complexity of your matter, the experienced legal team at AlGhazzawi & Partners has the depth of experience and foresight to help you conduct business with confidence and defend your interest in a cost-effective manner. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide legal services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less Contact Us Today Key Contacts Dr. Belal T. Al Ghazzawi Senior Managing Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Managing Partner hussam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Wissam Alfred Chbeir Counsel wissam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 11 463 2374 +966 54 000 6611 Meet Our Energy & Resources Team Insights Read Our Latest Updates on the Kingdom’s Laws & Regulations Saudi Arabia's New Sports Law 2026: Investment, Licensing, Governance and Arbitration A Unified Regulatory Framework Before the introduction of the new Sports Law, sports activities in Saudi... Read More Legal Updates post Latest Legal Updates 23 July 2026 Commodity Exchange Authorization The Capital Market Authority... Read More Cloud & Outsourcing for the Financial Sector Why Outsourcing & Cloud Compliance Matters As financial institutions adopt cloud technology and outsourcing... Read More Major Changes in the New Enforcement Law & Their Impact in Saudi Arabia Key Changes Compared to the Previous Enforcement Law 1. Digital and Electronic Enforcement The new law... Read More Transforming Secured Transactions in Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of the Saudi Movable Property Security Law 2020 Main Points of Difference First: Abolition of Possession Requirement Traditionally, a pledge over a movable... Read More Cybersecurity After 2025: From Threat Lessons to Regulatory Accountability Ransomware as a Regulatory and Governance Crisis Ransomware incidents have similarly evolved beyond technical... Read More Cybersecurity Lessons, Saudi Arabia 2025: Building Stronger Digital Resilience in 2026 Key Cybersecurity Developments in 2025 The developments of the past year can be categorized into two... Read More Unified Employment Contract “Qiwa Contract We are listing some of the key S... --- ## Construction & Real Estate URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/sector/construction-and-real-estate/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2051 > AlGhazzawi and Partners is a leading law firm in the Construction & Real Estate sector, offering advisory services across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Construction & Real Estate The Leaders In Construction and Real Estate Law Home Expertise Construction and Real Estate Legal Expertise in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam AlGhazzawi & Partners’ Construction and Commercial Real Estate Practice has advised on thousands of matters involving some of the Kingdom’s largest transactions and projects. They include power stations, telecommunications systems, roads, railways, public spaces, real estate developments, and other complex projects.We encourage our clients to involve our legal team in the early stages of a project in order to minimize the risks and exposure to claims and disputes, thereby helping them maintain good working relationships with other stakeholders and complete projects on time and on budget.We have assisted both domestic and international clients on all aspects of real estate including purchase and sale, financing and refinancing, foreclosures, leases, zoning issues, title examinations, title disputes, closings, and managing the relationship with regulatory authorities and other stakeholders involved in development projects including under the Public Private Partnerships (PPP) model.About Our Real Estate and Construction Practice GroupAs a leading Saudi law firm with over five decades of experience, we are proud of our active role in the unprecedented growth of real estate development in the Kingdom. Our team has advised on thousands of real estate matters involving some of the Kingdom’s largest transactions and projects. We continue to be the preferred and trusted legal advisors to some of the most prolific real estate investors and developers in the Region and around the world.Notable Real Estate & Construction projects include:Advising a UAE bank and a Kuwaiti real estate conglomerate on their USD $3.2 billion investment in 8 towers in the City of Makkah.Aiding Jazan Economic City Land Limited and MMC International, a Malaysian company, on various matters related to the development and financing of Jazan Economic City.Advising Jeddah Development & Urban Regenerating Co. (JDURC), the commercial arm of the Municipality of Jeddah on setting up tenders to invite international consortia in developing various real estate projects known as Jeddah East; Jeddah Cultural and Social Centre, a 170,000 square meters Corniche to be rehabilitated and renovated and the Khozam Palace, a 690,000 square meters land in reviewing and advising on the relevant requests for proposals, information memoranda, the development agreements and the joint venture agreements and supervising the required legal due diligences, including advice on the tender process and all regulatory matters.Advising Al-Balad Al Ameen Development and Urban Regeneration, the real estate arm of the Makkah Municipality, on the formation of several urban development companies, involved in the development of several slums in Makkah Al Mukarramah, increase and entry of new shareholders and conversion of these companies to closed joint-stock companies, including drafting the shareholders’ agreement, in Makkah Al Mukarramah.Aiding Saudi Investment Group & Marketing Co. Ltd. (SIGMAC), on a number of development projects, including: Mixed-use project on Sultan Street, Jeddah, Arabian Business Centre, a nine-story commercial building on Prince Mohammed Street in Dammam, Al-Waha Mall in Dammam, Millennium Centre in Jeddah, a commercial building with a built-up and lettable area of around 9,000 square metres.Advising Jabal Omar Development Company, on the second biggest rights issue in Saudi Arabia in the total amount USD $688 million. Our services included advising on numerous issues relating to the slum areas in Makkah, and the public offering of the shares; the complexity of the transaction involved issues related to the property which most of the Makkah residents encounter in this Holy City.Advising a major closed joint-stock company on the development of an area of 1.7 million square meters in Makkah Al Mukarramah city including drafting the shareholders’ agreement, forming the company and increasing the capital of the company;Aiding a municipal company with several disputes over the partnership with the private sector and the liability of the municipal companies for the early termination of the development projects contracts and withdrawal of projects, in Makkah Al Mukarramah.Working with the Eastern Province Municipality in rendering comprehensive advice for forming a public company for executing a huge real estate development project for beautification of Dammam’s waterfront beach.Advising a municipal company, a subsidiary of the commercial arm of the Municipality of Makkah, on its development of 6.6 million square meters of land in Makkah city.Construction – Notable Credentials:Acting for AL-Latifia Trading and Contracting Company, a leading large sized contracting company in its dispute with one of its subcontractors, a subsidiary of a UAE based construction conglomerate cover... --- ## Cookie Policy URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/cookie-policy/ Type: page Modified: 2025-08-26 Words: 1424 > This Cookies Policy describes the different types of cookies and similar technologies that may be applied by AlGhazzawi & Partners. Cookie Policy Home This Cookies Policy describes the different types of cookies and similar technologies that may be applied by AlGhazzawi & Partners. We may change this Cookies Policy at any time in order to reflect, for example, changes to the cookies we use or for other operational, legal or regulatory reasons. If you have questions regarding this Cookies Policy should be sent by email or by writing to us using the contact details set out at the end of this policy. 1. What is a Cookie? Cookies are a standard feature of websites that allow us to store small amounts of data on your computer about your visit to a Site. Cookies help us to learn which areas of a Site are useful and which areas need improvement. Cookies also improve your experience by, for example, remembering your preferences. You can choose whether to accept cookies by changing the settings on your browser. 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What Cookies Do We Use? Below we list the different types of cookies that may be used on the Sites. To the extent any Personal Information is collected through cookies, the Privacy Policy applies and compliments this Cookies Policy. AlGhazzawi & Partners uses Google Tag Manager to manage its cookies. Strictly Necessary Cookies. These cookies enable you to navigate the Sites and to use their services and features. These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information. Performance Cookies. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our Sites. They help us to know which pages are popular and see how visitors move around the Sites. If you do not allow these cookies, we will be less able to optimize the Sites’ performance. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and anonymous. Functional Cookies. These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalization. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies some services may not function properly. These cookies do not directly store personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. Targeting Cookies. These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant advertisements on other sites. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising. These cookies do not directly store personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. 4. Web Beacons Cookies are not the only way to recognize or track visitors to a website. We may use other, similar technologies from time to time, like web beacons (sometimes called “tracking pixels” or “clear gifs”). These are tiny graphics files that contain a unique identifier that enable us to recognize when someone has visited our Sites or opened an e-mail that we have sent them. This allows us, for example, to monitor the traffic patterns of users from one page within our Sites to another, to deliver or communicate with cookies, to understand whether you have come to our Sites from an online advertisement displayed on a third-party website, to improve site performance, and to measure the success of e-mail marketing campaigns. In many instances, these technologies are reliant on cookies to function properly, and so declining cookies will impair their functioning. 5. Social Media Features Our Sites may use social media features, such as the Facebook ‘like’ button (“Social Media Features”). These features m... --- ## Chairman’s Message URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/chairmans-message/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 656 > The dawn of our firm can be traced back to the pre-boom period. We were in the forefront to welcome the economic prosperity which the Kingdom witnessed in the Chairman’s Message Home Chairman’s Message The dawn of our firm can be traced back to the pre-boom period. We were in the forefront to welcome the economic prosperity which the Kingdom witnessed in the early seventies. Our involvement in various developmental activities highlights our contribution toward advancing the legal profession and enabling it to play a pivotal role in nation building. We firmly believe that success of an advocate does not depend merely upon their awareness of laws and regulations; but depends as well upon their perception, discernment and comprehensive attention to details surrounding the affairs of the issue all of which will enable them to determine and protect the client’s interest in a cost effective manner. As we have closely witnessed evolution of laws and regulations in the Kingdom; we are better prepared to serve our clients. Contact Us Today History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. A Heritage Of High Standards History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Doing Business in Saudi Arabia of Chinese companies from China URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/setting-up-business-for-foreign-companies-from-china-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 430 > Setting Up business, start a business, open headquarter, branch or subsidiary, AlGhazzawi & Partners offer a comprehensive range of legal services Insights Insights into Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Laws & Regulations Home Doing Business in Saudi Arabia of Chinese companies from China Your law firm guide in the region With over half a century of extensive experience marked by notable achievements a huge portfolio of delighted local and international clients and more than 40 seasoned and bilingual attorneys, we at AlGhazzawi & Partners located in Saudi Arabia is a well-positioned law firm to assist foreign companies from Russia with the process of setting up business in the Kingdom. Our long and deep understanding of the Saudi business landscape and the legal requirements for setting up businesses in the Kingdom sets us apart. To start a business, or set up a headquarters, branch, or subsidiary in Saudi Arabia, we offer a comprehensive range of legal services, including: Advising on the best business structure for your needs Assisting with company formation and registration Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits Providing ongoing legal support Explore more throughout the foreign investment guidelines: If you are a foreign company from Russia looking to set up business in Saudi Arabia, please contact AlGhazzawi & Partners today for a consultation. We will be happy to answer your questions and help you get started. Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Key Contacts Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel jaafer.alsirali@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Haval Kittani Senior Associate haval.kittani@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 +966 59 620 8599 View All Are You Ready? Let's Work Together Let us help you conduct business with confidence. Contact our legal team today for immediate assistance. Contact Us Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Entering the Saudi Market URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/entering-the-saudi-market-for-foreign-companies/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1958 > Learn how to register your business in Saudi Arabia as a foreign investor—licensing, legal procedures, and key regulations in 2025. Get Started in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Advising Foreign Companies Since 1969 Home Setting up Business in Saudi Arabia 100% Foreign Ownership Company Are you considering starting your business in Saudi Arabia? Whether you are from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, China, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and other significant and industrial countries in Europe, the Far East or the Middle East and North Africa region, It’s an exciting time to do business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . At the same time, it requires right approach and most feasible form of set up for making investments. At AlGhazzawi & Partners, we get things done in a right manner. With the new opportunities which the kingdom is actively pursuing in line with its Vision 2023 initiative to attract skilled professionals and foreign investors who can contribute to its economic and social transformation, Saudi Arabian commercial landscape is rapidly changing. As part of this initiative, the Kingdom has recently revamped its New Companies Law, Premium Residency Program and host of other laws and regulations to provide a more appealing and flexible framework. For over five decades, we have been working with our clients to create strategies for market entry including new business structuring, mergers and acquisitions, franchising/distribution agreements, financing arrangements, Intellectual property protection, taxation, employment, and real estate. In fact, the firm had been in the forefront in assisting foreign entities in them forging business transactions. Here are some considerations to guide you through the process Presence in Saudi Arabia or Delegating Tasks: Will you be physically present in Saudi Arabia to oversee the procedures, or would you prefer to delegate these tasks to a trusted office? Opting for the latter is often the preferred route for its convenience and ease of doing things. Enter-to-market Business Strategy: What’s your business activities plan in Saudi Arabia? A simple (Zoom meeting) with our specialized team will help us understand your needs. Under the New Companies Law, there are several options available foreign investors, each with its own nuances: Limited Liability Company, Joint Stock Company, Simplified Joint Stock Company. These entities require fulfilment of specific criteria and conditions based on their capital structure. It’s crucial to recognize that these prerequisites may differ from similar company types in other countries. During our meeting, we’ll provide a detailed breakdown of each option tailored to your unique circumstances. We’ll lay out the advantages and disadvantages so you can make an informed decision. Once you’ve made your choice, we’ll prepare the necessary documents for your approval and official ratification. Prepare for success by aligning your business strategy with the right company structure. With our informed and well guided approach, we’ll ensure your business is fortified for success in the Saudi Arabian market. Ministry Approvals and Licenses: Our team will handle obtaining approvals from the Ministry of Investment, sparing you from any in-person meetings or document submissions. After obtaining the investment license, we’ll assist with incorporation applications, bank account setups, and registrations with different governmental and quasi governmental agencies. Sector-specific Licenses: No matter the industry—be it Financial services, Healthcare, Insurance, Manufacturing, Contracting and Construction, Hospitality and Tourism, Real Estate, Telecommunications, Education, Agriculture, Retailer, or another sector—rest assured, our team will secure all essential licenses from the appropriate authorities. Furthermore, concerns regarding foreign residency and investment licenses are nothing to fret about. Our team handles these procedures seamlessly, whether it’s the initial application or annual renewals. You can trust us to navigate through any bureaucratic hurdles, ensuring your business operates smoothly and legally in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability and Compliance: Our seasoned team is dedicated to your business’s durability and adherence to regulations. We’ll meet with you bi-annually to ensure compliance with various legal requirements, including the renewal of necessary documents, commercial registration, licenses, and digitalization mandates. Moreover, we’ll guide you through labor laws, ensuring compliance with national employment requirements and proper maintenance of work contracts. We’ll advise on pitfalls to avoid concerning labor relations, safeguarding your business from potential legal issues. Financially, we’ll help you maintain meticulous records and prepare final accounts in accordance with the generally acceptable accounting standards. From archiving essential documents to submitting financial statements promptly, we’ll ensure your financial practices are above the board. Additionally, we offer governance services to strengthen your comp... --- ## Setting Up Business for Foreign Companies based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/foreign-companies-based-in-the-united-arab-emirates-uae/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 436 > Setting Up business, start a business, open headquarter, branch or subsidiary, AlGhazzawi & Partners offer a comprehensive range of legal services Insights Insights into Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Laws & Regulations Home Setting Up Business for Foreign Companies based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in Saudi Arabia Your law firm guide in the region With over half a century of extensive experience marked by notable achievements a huge portfolio of delighted local and international clients and more than 40 seasoned and bilingual attorneys, we at AlGhazzawi & Partners located in Saudi Arabia is a well-positioned law firm to assist foreign companies from Russia with the process of setting up business in the Kingdom. Our long and deep understanding of the Saudi business landscape and the legal requirements for setting up businesses in the Kingdom sets us apart. To start a business, or set up a headquarters, branch, or subsidiary in Saudi Arabia, we offer a comprehensive range of legal services, including: Advising on the best business structure for your needs Assisting with company formation and registration Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits Providing ongoing legal support Explore more throughout the foreign investment guidelines: If you are a foreign company from Russia looking to set up business in Saudi Arabia, please contact AlGhazzawi & Partners today for a consultation. We will be happy to answer your questions and help you get started. Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Key Contacts Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel jaafer.alsirali@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Haval Kittani Senior Associate haval.kittani@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 +966 59 620 8599 View All Are You Ready? Let's Work Together Let us help you conduct business with confidence. Contact our legal team today for immediate assistance. Contact Us Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Doing Business in Saudi Arabia of America Companies URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/setting-up-business-for-american-foreign-companies-from-the-united-states-of-america-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 428 > Understand Investment Guidelines for US Companies in KSA and how Ghazzawi Law Firm ensures seamless business operations in Saudi Arabia. Insights Insights into Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Laws & Regulations Home Doing Business in Saudi Arabia of America Companies Your law firm guide in the region With over half a century of extensive experience marked by notable achievements a huge portfolio of delighted local and international clients and more than 40 seasoned and bilingual attorneys, we at AlGhazzawi & Partners located in Saudi Arabia is a well-positioned law firm to assist foreign companies from Russia with the process of setting up business in the Kingdom. Our long and deep understanding of the Saudi business landscape and the legal requirements for setting up businesses in the Kingdom sets us apart. To start a business, or set up a headquarters, branch, or subsidiary in Saudi Arabia, we offer a comprehensive range of legal services, including: Advising on the best business structure for your needs Assisting with company formation and registration Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits Providing ongoing legal support Explore more throughout the foreign investment guidelines: If you are a foreign company from Russia looking to set up business in Saudi Arabia, please contact AlGhazzawi & Partners today for a consultation. We will be happy to answer your questions and help you get started. Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Key Contacts Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel jaafer.alsirali@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Haval Kittani Senior Associate haval.kittani@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 +966 59 620 8599 View All Are You Ready? Let's Work Together Let us help you conduct business with confidence. Contact our legal team today for immediate assistance. Contact Us Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Doing Business in Saudi Arabia of British companies from the United Kingdom URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/setting-up-business-for-british-foreign-companies-from-the-united-kingdom-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 434 > Looking to establish a business in Dammam? Ghazzawi Law Firm provides tailored legal services for British companies seeking company formation. Insights Insights into Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Laws & Regulations Home Doing Business in Saudi Arabia of British companies from the United Kingdom Your law firm guide in the region With over half a century of extensive experience marked by notable achievements a huge portfolio of delighted local and international clients and more than 40 seasoned and bilingual attorneys, we at AlGhazzawi & Partners located in Saudi Arabia is a well-positioned law firm to assist foreign companies from the United Kingdom with the process of setting up business in the Kingdom. Our long and deep understanding of the Saudi business landscape and the legal requirements for setting up businesses in the Kingdom sets us apart. To start a business, or set up a headquarters, branch, or subsidiary in Saudi Arabia, we offer a comprehensive range of legal services, including: Advising on the best business structure for your needs Assisting with company formation and registration Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits Providing ongoing legal support Explore more throughout the foreign investment guidelines: If you are a foreign company from Russia looking to set up business in Saudi Arabia, please contact AlGhazzawi & Partners today for a consultation. We will be happy to answer your questions and help you get started. Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Key Contacts Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel jaafer.alsirali@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Haval Kittani Senior Associate haval.kittani@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 +966 59 620 8599 View All Are You Ready? Let's Work Together Let us help you conduct business with confidence. Contact our legal team today for immediate assistance. Contact Us Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Setting Up Business for Foreign Companies from Russia in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/setting-up-business-for-foreign-companies-from-russia-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 431 > Enhance your business in Saudi Arabia with expert Saudi Arabia Business Formation Lawyers and tailored legal solutions. Insights Insights into Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Laws & Regulations Home Setting Up Business for Foreign Companies from Russia in Saudi Arabia Your law firm guide in the region With over half a century of extensive experience marked by notable achievements a huge portfolio of delighted local and international clients and more than 40 seasoned and bilingual attorneys, we at AlGhazzawi & Partners located in Saudi Arabia is a well-positioned law firm to assist foreign companies from Russia with the process of setting up business in the Kingdom. Our long and deep understanding of the Saudi business landscape and the legal requirements for setting up businesses in the Kingdom sets us apart. To start a business, or set up a headquarters, branch, or subsidiary in Saudi Arabia, we offer a comprehensive range of legal services, including: Advising on the best business structure for your needs Assisting with company formation and registration Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits Providing ongoing legal support Explore more throughout the foreign investment guidelines: If you are a foreign company from Russia looking to set up business in Saudi Arabia, please contact AlGhazzawi & Partners today for a consultation. We will be happy to answer your questions and help you get started. Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Contact Us Today First Name Last Name Job Title Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT Key Contacts Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel jaafer.alsirali@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Haval Kittani Senior Associate haval.kittani@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 +966 59 620 8599 View All Are You Ready? Let's Work Together Let us help you conduct business with confidence. Contact our legal team today for immediate assistance. Contact Us Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Legal Notices and Disclaimers URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/legal-notices-and-disclaimers/ Type: page Modified: 2025-08-26 Words: 478 > Legal Notices and Disclaimers Home About AlGhazzawi & Partners (previously Al Ghazzawi Professional Association or “GPA”) AlGhazzawi & Partners is a legal practice comprising AlGhazzawi & Partners as a professional... Legal Notices and Disclaimers Home About AlGhazzawi & Partners (previously Al Ghazzawi Professional Association or “GPA”) AlGhazzawi & Partners is a legal practice comprising AlGhazzawi & Partners as a professional company and its affiliated businesses and firms. All references to \”the firm\” and the like should be read as referring to AlGhazzawi & Partners and/or its affiliated and subsidiary businesses or firms.We use the word \”partner\” to refer to a member of AlGhazzawi & Partners, or an employee or consultant with equivalent standing and qualifications.AlGhazzawi & Partners is a professional company registered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pursuant to licence number 31. It is regulated by the lawyers\’ Regulation and the Professional Companies Regulations. About our services The firm acts as legal adviser; it is not part of our role to give advice on the merits of investment or commercial transactions. Any investment or commercial decision is for our clients to make and no communication by the firm should be treated as an invitation or inducement to our clients to engage in investment or commercial activity.If you instruct GPA, we may use various available sources of information to establish certain matters about you, such as verifying your identity, including electronic verification. About this website If you have a specific legal question you should address it to one of our lawyers. The materials contained on this website are of a general, informational, nature. We have used reasonable endeavours to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the contents of the pages on this site but the information does not constitute legal or professional advice and must not be relied on as such.We do not accept responsibility for any loss which may arise from reliance on information contained in these pages. Furthermore, AlGhazzawi & Partners does not endorse or accept responsibility for the material of any website referred to or accessed through this site.You may link to this site provided you link to our top level page and you do so in a way which indicates the link is to the GPA home page, is fair and not misleading. You may not display the contents of any of this site in a frame surrounded by other material not originated by us.You may only access and download the contents of the pages on this site on a temporary basis and for the sole purpose of viewing such information. You may not permanently copy or reproduce any part of the contents of the pages on this site without our prior written permission.This site is protected by copyright and database right, both of which are owned by AlGhazzawi & Partners.\”GPA\” and \”AlGhazzawi & Partners\” are a registered trademark. Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Vision, Mission, and Core Value URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/vision-mission-and-core-value/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 647 > To maintain industry leadership in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia driven by our long history, rich experience, and constant innovation. Serving with Confidence since 1969 Home Contact Us Today Vision, Mission, and Core Value OUR VISION To maintain industry leadership in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia driven by our long history, rich experience, and constant innovation. OUR MISSION To provide exceptional legal support for our business clients so they may forge new relationships and grow their enterprises with confidence. Our Core Values Work Ethics and Code of ConductConscientious ApproachProtection of Client’s InterestMaintaining Client ConfidentialityValue for Money Why AlGhazzawi & Partners? A professionally managed firm with a cherished history for over half a centuryRich experience of work encompassing all legal domainsFull-fledged offices in all Metropolitan cities of the Kingdom enabling provision of seamless servicesHighly experienced Lawyers in different specialty arenasAbility to provide services in a cost effective manner by assigning teams having the relevant expertise History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. A Heritage Of High Standards History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Privacy Policy URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/privacy-policy/ Type: page Modified: 2025-08-26 Words: 352 > We are keen to ensure that when we collect and use information about you we do so in accordance with best data privacy practice. You do not have to give us Privacy Policy Home Privacy Policy We are keen to ensure that when we collect and use information about you we do so in accordance with best data privacy practice. You do not have to give us any information to use this website. However, if you want to apply for a job or seek our legal advice we need certain information from you. 1. Information collection and use: AlGhazzawi & Partners owns the database right in the information collected on this website. We do not sell, share or transfer this information except as set out in this statement. We use the information to improve our services. AlGhazzawi & Partners has three offices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dammam, Jeddah and Riyadh). Therefore it will from time to time be necessary to pass your information between our offices and to our affiliated businesses, again with the sole purpose of offering you the best possible legal service from GPA and its alliance firms. If you apply for a job or summer placement you will need to provide information about your education, employment, racial background and state of health. Your application will constitute your express consent to our use of this information to assess your application and to allow us to carry out the monitoring activities required of us as an equal opportunities employer. 2. 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Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Corporate Law Firm in Riyadh URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/contact-us/riyadh/ Type: page Modified: 2025-11-09 Words: 336 > Premier Saudi law firm in Riyadh with expertise in commercial contracts, corporate governance, and dispute resolution—your legal partner. Locations Riyadh Office Home Contact Us Our Offices Best Corporate Law Firm in Riyadh Located in the King Faisal Foundation North Tower on the fourth floor, our Riyadh office offers a full range of legal services to our clients across Saudi Arabia including corporate law, commercial transactions, real estate, labor law, intellectual property, and dispute resolution. We pride ourselves on delivering high quality legal services with a client-centred approach and are dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of professionalism and integrity. Contact our Riyadh office today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 Key Contacts Wissam Alfred Chbeir Counsel wissam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 11 463 2374 +966 54 000 6611 View All Best Corporate Law Firm in Riyadh Located in the King Faisal Foundation North Tower on the fourth floor, our Riyadh office offers a full range of legal services to our clients across Saudi Arabia including corporate law, commercial transactions, real estate, labor law, intellectual property, and dispute resolution. We pride ourselves on delivering high quality legal services with a client-centred approach and are dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of professionalism and integrity. Contact our Riyadh office today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. Banking & Financing Bankruptcy & Insolvency Business Investment Business Structuring Capital Markets Competition & Anti-Trust Contracts Dispute Resolution Employment Environmental Insurance Intellectual Property Litigation Mergers & Acquisitions Public Projects & PPP Real Estate & Construction Tax Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Email Us Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Corporate Law Firm in Jeddah URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/contact-us/jeddah/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 342 > Leading law firm Al-Ghazzawi & Partners in Jeddah offers expert legal services in corporate law, property, labor law, and dispute resolution. Locations Jeddah Office Home Contact Us Our Offices Best Corporate Law Firm in Jeddah Located in the heart of Dammam at the Alghazzawi Business Tower on the fourth floor, our Dammam office offers a full range of legal services to our clients across Saudi Arabia including corporate law, commercial transactions, real estate, labor law, intellectual property, and dispute resolution. We pride ourselves on delivering high quality legal services with a client-centred approach and are dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of professionalism and integrity. Contact our Dammam office today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 Key Contacts Dr. Belal T. Al Ghazzawi Senior Managing Partner hussam@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Tajeldin Mohammed Hassan Counsel taj@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 50 464 7184 View All Practice Areas in Our Jeddah Law Office AlGhazzawi & Partners is the law firm of choice for the Kingdom’s most dynamic businesses and multinational corporations operating in the Region, including several Fortune 500 companies. With the rapid pace of economic reforms and growth in business investment, our firm remains the first port of call for advice on doing business in Saudi Arabia. We invite you to contact us for a free consultation to discuss your legal needs. Banking & Financing Bankruptcy & Insolvency Business Investment Business Structuring Capital Markets Competition & Anti-Trust Contracts Dispute Resolution Employment Environmental Insurance Intellectual Property Litigation Mergers & Acquisitions Public Projects & PPP Real Estate & Construction Tax Email Us Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Email Us Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Dammam Corporate Law Firm URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/contact-us/dammam/ Type: page Modified: 2025-11-09 Words: 351 > AlGhazzawi & Partners, a top Dammam law firm specializing in corporate, banking, and business law, with extensive experience in Saudi Arabia. Locations Dammam Office Home Contact Us Our Offices Best Corporate Law Firm in Dammam Located in the heart of Dammam at the Alghazzawi Business Tower on the fourth floor, our Dammam office offers a full range of legal services to our clients across Saudi Arabia including corporate law, commercial transactions, real estate, labor law, intellectual property, and dispute resolution. We pride ourselves on delivering high quality legal services with a client-centred approach and are dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of professionalism and integrity. Contact our Dammam office today to learn how we can assist you with your legal needs. Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 Key Contacts Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Partner belal@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel jaafer.alsirali@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 Haval Kittani Senior Associate haval.kittani@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 13 833 1611 +966 59 620 8599 View All Practice Areas in Our Dammam Law Office AlGhazzawi & Partners is the law firm of choice for the Kingdom’s most dynamic businesses and multinational corporations operating in the Region, including several Fortune 500 companies. With the rapid pace of economic reforms and growth in business investment, our firm remains the first port of call for advice on doing business in Saudi Arabia. We invite you to contact us for a free consultation to discuss your legal needs. Banking & Financing Bankruptcy & Insolvency Business Investment Business Structuring Capital Markets Competition & Anti-Trust Contracts Dispute Resolution Employment Environmental Insurance Intellectual Property Litigation Mergers & Acquisitions Public Projects & PPP Real Estate & Construction Tax Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Email Us Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Our Team URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/our-team/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 565 > Saudi Business Law Firm specializing in Corporate Law, Mergers & Acquisitions, and Business Investment, helping your business thrive in KSA. Our Team Trusted with Every Aspect of Business Law Home Title (All) Associate Associates Finance Manager Government Relations Manager Group Procurement Manager Legal Secretary Owner Partners Reception Senior Associate Senior Associates Trainee Associate Trainees الشركاء المالك المدير المالي مدير المشتريات مستشار مستشار أول Practice (All) Banking & Finance Bankruptcy & Insolvency Business Investment Business Structuring Capital Markets Commercial Law Company Formation & Foreign Investment Competition & Anti-Trust Contracts Contracts Drafting & Review Corporate Governance Corporate Law Dispute Resolution Employment Entity Conversion & Corporate Structuring Environmental Insurance Intellectual Property Intellectual Property (IP) Labor & Employment Law Legal Due Diligence Litigation Litigation & Dispute Resolution Mergers & Acquisitions Public Projects & PPP Real Estate & Construction Tax Technology & Telecommunications أسواق رأس المال الإفلاس وإعسار الشركات الاستثمار في الأعمال التجارية البنوك والتمويل البيئة التأمين التقاضي التوظيف الخدمات المصرفية والتمويل الشراكة بين القطاعين العام والخاص الضرائب العقارات والإنشاءات العقود الملكية الفكرية المنافسة ومكافحة الاحتكار الهيكلة التجارية حل النزاعات عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ Sector (All) Anti-competitions laws Commercial Contracts Company Incorporation and Structuring Compliance and Regulatory Matters Construction & Real Estate Consumer protection Corporate & Commercial Corporate Governance Energy & Resources Government & Regulatory Infrastructure Intellectual property Investment & Private Equity Merger and Acquisition Technology & Telecommunications Telecommunications & Technology Location (All) Dammam Jeddah Riyadh الدمام الرياض جدة Search Dr. Talal A. Al Ghazzawi Chairman ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 Dr. Belal T. Al Ghazzawi Senior Managing Partner ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Managing Partner ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 Tajeldin Mohammed Hassan Counsel ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 Rima M. El-Chaaraoui Counsel ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Talal Belal Ghazzawi Senior Associate ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Hanan Kachmar Senior Associate ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Tariq Alamin Ali Idris Senior Associate ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 No posts found Loading... Dr. Talal A. Al Ghazzawi Chairman ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 Dr. Belal T. Al Ghazzawi Senior Managing Partner ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Hussam T. Al Ghazzawi Managing Partner ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 Tajeldin Mohammed Hassan Counsel ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Jaafer Taj Alsir Ali Counsel ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 Rima M. El-Chaaraoui Counsel ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Talal Belal Ghazzawi Senior Associate ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Hanan Kachmar Senior Associate ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 12 653 1576 Tariq Alamin Ali Idris Senior Associate ‎ ‎ enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com ‎ ‎ +966 13 833 1611 No posts found Loading... 1 2 3 Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Insights URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/latest-legal-insights/ Type: page Modified: 2026-07-16 Words: 524 > Al-Ghazzawi & Partners, a top legal firm in Saudi Arabia, excels in banking, finance, and business investment law to support your growth. Insights Insights into Saudi Arabia’s Evolving Laws & Regulations Home All Insights New Companies Law New Regulations News Publications Legal Updates Saudi Arabia's New Sports Law 2026: Investment, Licensing, Governance and Arbitration July 28, 2026 | New Regulations A Unified Regulatory Framework Before the introduction of the new Sports Law, sports activities in Saudi Arabia were governed through a collection of regulations, ministerial decisions, and federation-specific... Legal Updates post July 16, 2026 | Legal Updates Latest Legal Updates 23 July 2026 Commodity Exchange Authorization The Capital Market Authority has opened applications for Saudi Arabiau2019s commodity exchange authorization from 1 July to 31... Cloud & Outsourcing for the Financial Sector July 3, 2026 | Publications Why Outsourcing & Cloud Compliance Matters As financial institutions adopt cloud technology and outsourcing models to enhance efficiency and innovation, they simultaneously increase their exposure... Major Changes in the New Enforcement Law & Their Impact in Saudi Arabia July 3, 2026 | Publications Key Changes Compared to the Previous Enforcement Law 1. Digital and Electronic Enforcement The new law emphasizes digital transformation in enforcement procedures: Courts now use electronic platforms to... Transforming Secured Transactions in Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of the Saudi Movable Property Security Law 2020 March 9, 2026 | Publications Main Points of Difference First: Abolition of Possession Requirement Traditionally, a pledge over a movable property, being classified as a possessory pledge, required actual delivery of possession. For... Cybersecurity After 2025: From Threat Lessons to Regulatory Accountability February 11, 2026 | Publications Ransomware as a Regulatory and Governance Crisis Ransomware incidents have similarly evolved beyond technical containment challenges into multi-dimensional regulatory and governance crises. Unlike traditional... Cybersecurity Lessons, Saudi Arabia 2025: Building Stronger Digital Resilience in 2026 February 8, 2026 | Publications Key Cybersecurity Developments in 2025 The developments of the past year can be categorized into two critical areas: the evolution of the threat actor and the maturation of the regulatory framework. The... Unified Employment Contract “Qiwa Contract February 1, 2026 | New Regulations We are listing some of the key Saudi employment contract provisions in the form: Information of Parties Information related to the employer and the employee must be filled with accuracy to avoid difficulties... Understanding Saudi franchise law ? January 21, 2026 | Publications What is a Franchise Agreement? A franchise agreement is the document that outlines the terms and conditions between the franchisor and the franchisee. However, defining the franchise agreement in Saudi... No posts found 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Real Estate Transaction Tax Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/real-estate-transaction-tax-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1019 > Saudi Arabia is strengthening market transparency and introducing investment opportunities under Vision 2030 with several new regulatory frameworks. Among the latest developments is the Real Estate Transaction Tax law (RETT... Saudi Arabia is strengthening market transparency and introducing investment opportunities under Vision 2030 with several new regulatory frameworks. Among the latest developments is the Real Estate Transaction Tax law (RETT Law Saudi Arabia), enacted under Royal Decree No. M/84 on September 22, 2024. The law, effective starting April 9, 2025, establishes a unified tax regime for real estate transactions, replacing the previous segregated provisions. Key Features of the RETT Law Tax Imposition and Rate: The RETT Law introduces the Saudi Arabia real estate tax 2025 at a flat rate of 5% on the total value of real estate transactions. Subject to certain exemptions, this flat tax applies regardless of the property’s ownership, type, use, or condition, covering transactions involving residential, commercial, and industrial properties. Expanded Exemptions: The RETT Law provides an expanded list of real estate tax exemptions in Saudi Arabia aimed at promoting equitable application and incentivizing specific transactions. Notable exemptions include: – Charitable and Public Benefit Transactions: Transfers of real estate to charitable organizations or endowments, provided these entities are legally licensed or transactions involving public agencies – Corporate Transactions: Real estate transfers occurring as part of mergers, acquisitions, or restructuring, or contribution of real estate as capital in a company, (subject to certain restrictions); public subscription. – Distribution of real estate as part of inheritance or will; gift to a family member up to third degree. – Judicial and Forced Sales: Transactions executed under court orders or through public auctions mandated by legal authorities. – Listed Securities and Investment Funds: Real estate transactions involving publicly traded shares or investment fund units. Compliance and Record-Keeping Requirements: All real estate transactions are required to be registered with the Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority (ZATCA) and maintain comprehensive records for audit purposes. This measure aims to ensure accountability and reduce the likelihood of disputes. Statute of Limitations: Under the RETT Law, ZATCA may assess tax liabilities within three years from the date of the real estate transaction. In cases of undisclosed or fraudulent transactions, this period extends from the date ZATCA becomes aware of the issue. Regulatory Authority and Implementation Timeline: ZATCA is tasked with issuing and implementing regulations by April 2025 to facilitate the law’s enforcement. These regulations are expected to provide detailed guidance on tax computation, exemptions, and compliance procedures. Implementation and Compliance With the implementation date fast approaching, compliance with the RETT Law will require careful planning and alignment with regulatory requirements. Key aspects of implementation and compliance include: Registration and Reporting: Ensure that all real estate transactions are promptly registered with ZATCA. Proper reporting mechanisms and timelines will be crucial to avoid penalties. Detailed Documentation: Maintenance of accurate records of all real estate transactions, including contracts, valuations, and exemption justifications, will be critical. These documents may be subject to audit by ZATCA to verify compliance. Exemption Verification: Taxpayers seeking exemptions under the RETT Law must prepare comprehensive supporting documentation to substantiate their claims. Engaging legal experts to navigate the exemption criteria can ensure a smoother process. Compliance Audits: Conducting internal compliance audits will help identify gaps in processes and ensure readiness for external scrutiny. Regular audits can also help mitigate risks of non-compliance. Education and Training: Stakeholders, including developers, investors, and legal advisors, should invest in training sessions to understand the law’s provisions and their implications fully. Keeping up to date with regulatory changes will further facilitate compliance. Implementation and Compliance With the implementation date fast approaching, compliance with the RETT Law will require careful planning and alignment with regulatory requirements. Key aspects of implementation and compliance include: Registration and Reporting: Ensure that all real estate transactions are promptly registered with ZATCA. Proper reporting mechanisms and timelines will be crucial to avoid penalties. Detailed Documentation: Maintenance of accurate records of all real estate transactions, including contracts, valuations, and exemption justifications, will be critical. These documents may be subject to audit by ZATCA to verify compliance. Exemption Verification: Taxpayers seeking exemptions under the RETT Law must prepare comprehensive supporting documentation to substantiate their claims. Engaging legal experts to navigate the exemption criteria can ensure a smoother process. Compliance Audits: Conducting internal compliance audits... --- ## Starting a New Business in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/incorporate-a-new-business-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1303 > Our experts help Saudi entrepreneurs to set up a new business and launch new ventures correctly, using the most effective and up-to-date structures and methods available. Launch Your Business in the Kingdom Supporting Saudi Entrepreneurs Since 1969 Home Looking to incorporate a new business in the Kingdom? We can help. Economic reforms have unleashed a new era of Saudi entrepreneurship. If you’re a Saudi national with entrepreneurial ambitions, working with the right law firm makes all the difference. While the opportunities are exciting, adequate diligence and prudence must be applied to how all new ventures are structured. Failure to do so can have serious and unexpected consequences for any business. Our corporate practice encompasses the entire spectrum of corporate law. With over 50 years of experience, we have guided thousands of emerging and growing entities, multinational, investment banks, private equity funds, and family businesses on the successful formation of new businesses and the ideal corporate structures that are most suitable for their ventures. This extensive know-how allows us to offer our clients practical and informed insights that are compliant with both Sharia practices and the rapidly evolving regulatory environment in the Kingdom. No matter the complexity of your business setup and structuring requirements, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to produce results. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support Saudi entrepreneurship across the Kingdom and foreign investors to start their business in Saudi Arabia . Contact us to book a consultation. For immediate assistance, please contact us 24/7 at: +966 12 653 1576 enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com Request a Free Consultation First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details SUBMIT History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. A Heritage Of High Standards History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. Insights Read Our Latest Updates on the Kingdom’s Laws & Regulations Saudi Arabia's New Sports Law 2026: Investment, Licensing, Governance and Arbitration A Unified Regulatory Framework Before the introduction of the new Sports Law, sports activities in Saudi... Read More Legal Updates post Latest Legal Updates 23 July 2026 Commodity Exchange Authorization The Capital Market Authority... Read More Cloud & Outsourcing for the Financial Sector Why Outsourcing & Cloud Compliance Matters As financial institutions adopt cloud technology and outsourcing... Read More Major Changes in the New Enforcement Law & Their Impact in Saudi Arabia Key Changes Compared to the Previous Enforcement Law 1. Digital and Electronic Enforcement The new law... Read More ... --- ## Saudi Franchise Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-franchise-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 799 > Introduction Franchising has become a powerful business model globally, enabling established brands to expand rapidly while providing entrepreneurs with opportunities to operate proven businesses. In Saudi Arabia, the introduction of... Introduction Franchising has become a powerful business model globally, enabling established brands to expand rapidly while providing entrepreneurs with opportunities to operate proven businesses. In Saudi Arabia, the introduction of the Saudi Franchise Law (Royal Decree No. M/22, 2019) has been a turning point, establishing a robust franchising legal framework to ensure transparency, protect rights, and foster a competitive market. This article delves into key aspects of the Saudi Franchise Law, its purpose, benefits, and challenges while touching on the Saudi Franchise Expo 2025 as a related event that highlights the growing business opportunities in Saudi Arabia. What is a Franchise Agreement? The franchise agreement is the document that outlines the terms and conditions between the franchisor and the franchisee. In Saudi Arabia, franchise agreements must include fundamental elements to ensure clarity and compliance with local laws, such as: Rights and Obligations: Detailing the rights and obligations of both parties. Fees and Payments: Specifying the fees that the franchisee must pay to the franchisor. Duration of the Franchise and Renewal: Defining the contract’s duration and how it can be renewed. Protection of Consumers: Ensuring that the franchise operations comply with consumer protection laws and regulations, protecting the rights and interests of customers. Understanding Saudi Franchise Law: Key Legal Considerations The Saudi Franchise Law, enacted in 2019, governs franchising activities in the Kingdom and aims to create a fair and transparent environment for both franchisors and franchisees. Below are the key legal considerations for franchising in Saudi Arabia: Franchise Disclosure Requirements: Franchisors must provide a Disclosure Document at least 14 days before signing a franchise agreement. This document must include details about experience, corporate structure, operational structure, financial performance, statements of the franchisor, legal obligations, and fees, Franchise Agreements & Contractual Obligations: Franchise agreements must be drawn in Arabic and registered with the Ministry of Commerce. The contract must clearly outline the rights and obligations of both parties, including branding, royalties, and training support. Intellectual Property Protection: The franchisor must ensure that all trademarks, patents, and copyrights are legally registered and protected in Saudi Arabia. Franchisees are obligated to use the franchisor’s intellectual property (IP) strictly as per the contract. Dispute Resolution & Termination: The law outlines procedures for dispute resolution, arbitration, and contract termination. If a dispute arises, parties are encouraged to seek mediation before resorting to litigation. Foreign Investment & Compliance: The Franchise operator must comply with the Investment Law and implemented Compliance with Zakat, tax, and Saudization policies is essential for sustainable franchise operations. Purpose of the Franchise Law Promote Economic Growth: By establishing a clear franchising legal framework in KSA, the law encourages establishment and operation of franchises, contributing to the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals of economic diversification. Attract Investment: The law aims to create a favorable environment for both local and international investors by providing legal certainty and protection. Protect Franchisees: By mandating comprehensive disclosure and fair contractual terms, the law protects the interests of franchisees, ensuring they make informed decisions in light of the financial and operational information about the franchisor. Benefits of the Franchise Law Legal Clarity: The law provides a structured framework governing franchise relationships, reducing ambiguities and preventing potential disputes. Enhanced Transparency: Mandatory disclosure requirements ensure that franchisees have access to vital information, promoting trust between parties. Encourages Investment: By protecting the rights of both franchisors and franchisees, the law makes the Saudi market more attractive to investors. Economic Growth: Facilitating the establishment of franchises contributes to job creation and the introduction of new products and services in the market. Challenges and Considerations Compliance Costs: Franchisors may incur additional expenses related to preparing disclosure documents, legal consultations, and registration fees. Localization Needs: International franchisors must adapt their business models to align with Saudi cultural norms and regulatory requirements. Ongoing Obligations: Both parties must adhere to continuous obligations, such as maintaining records, renewing registrations, and complying with any updates to the law. Saudi Franchise Market & Expo 2025: A Gateway to Growth The franchise business sector in Saudi Arabia has experienced significant growth, driven by the Kingdom’s efforts to diversify its economy under Vision 2030. Sectors such as food & bevera... --- ## Mergers & Acquisitions URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/mergers-acquisitions/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2136 > Experienced M&A lawyers in Saudi Arabia providing expert legal support for mergers, acquisitions, and corporate investments in the Kingdom. Mergers & Acquisitions Leaders In Mergers & Acquisitions Law Home Expertise Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Major economic reforms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have brought on an influx of direct foreign investments and a marked increase in merger and acquisition activity. These sensitive transactions demand rigorous due diligence and can attract the attention of Saudi competition and anti-trust agencies looking to prevent monopolistic or oligopolistic practices.AlGhazzawi & Partners is widely considered to be the leading M&A law firm in Saudi Arabia. With over 50 years of experience focusing on corporate and commercial law, our team has handled some of the largest and most complex M&A transactions in the Kingdom. Whether you are a potential partner, acquirer, or readying your business for sale, our legal team has repeatedly demonstrated its robust business acumen to the advantage of domestic and foreign-owned clients alike across all key market sectors.Mergers & Acquisitions Help for Domestic and Foreign-Owned BusinessesThe complex ownership structure of many Saudi firms often involving a large number of shareholders and foreign partners, combined with the rapidly changing regulatory environment, pose unique challenges for merger and acquisition transactions in the Kingdom. Such undertakings require a thorough analysis and due diligence from varying perspectives – including a sharp legal lens. In fact, comprehensive legal due diligence requires a team that is not only well versed with different corporate and regulatory aspects but can draw specialists from other domains of law.Our M&A practice group regularly advises on:Legal entities and business structures favoured by regulators and banks.Drafting and finalization of all transaction documentation from preliminary discussions to closing and post-closing support.Competition and anti-trust concerns.Compliance with conventional and Sharia law.Banking and finance matters including restructuring of debt and other financing facilities.Various regulatory, licensing, and permitting issues.Compliance with environmental regulations.Validation, protection, and transfer of licenses, patents, trademarks and Intellectual Property.Employment practices compliance for domestic and foreign staff.Search for outstanding court orders and lawsuits.Options for binding alternative dispute resolution mechanisms.Compliance with industry-specific laws and regulations.Compliance with tax regulations.Real Estate purchase and/or disposition matters.And should you find yourself in a position of irreconcilable conflict, our litigation practice group is ready to protect your interests.About Our Mergers & Acquisitions Practice GroupOur legal team has over five decades of experience advising clients on merger and acquisition matters. We are highly sensitive to the need for confidentiality and urgent action throughout the due diligence and negotiation process. We work closely with our clients’ executive teams and alongside other trusted advisors such as investment banks and accounting consultancies to successfully complete the transaction.Notable Merger & Acquisition projects include:Conducting the legal due diligence and formalizing the transaction with various agencies for a business conglomerate engaged in the manufacturing and sale of consumer and industrial paper and plastic products. This transaction involved amalgamating ten large companies valued over USD $60 million into a single company.Advising a renowned chain of hypermarkets in the sale of a chain of supermarkets to a high-profile Saudi corporation managing and operating over 200 stores in the Kingdom and other Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.Advising an investor group in the sale of a limited partnership company comprised of 50 shareholders.Advising an Abu Dhabi financial institution on its US$ 134 million acquisition of a hotel in Makkah.Advising an Ukrainian publicly listed company on the acquisition of a company in the poultry business.Advising SEDCO Capital on its acquisition of a leading international school in Jeddah.Advising a Lebanese holding conglomerate on its acquisition of three contracting companies.Advising Rentokill, a UK listed company, on its acquisition of a Saudi pest control and chemical company.Advising Contrack FM, a subsidiary of Orascom, an Egyptian conglomerate, on its acquisition of 50% of a facility management and maintenance Saudi company.Advising Gulf Finance House on its acquisition of a mall in Jeddah.Working with Investcorp Gulf Opportunity Fund on various acquisitions in Saudi Arabia, including its acquisition of a majority stake in a leading Saudi Arabian jewelry manufacturer and retailer in the context of US $280 million.Advising a major Kuwaiti investment company in the acquisition of 40% of a leading Saudi car lease company.Advising a major Saudi company on all its agreements, i.e. lease agreements and all related agreements as... --- ## Litigation URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/litigation/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2854 > Top Saudi law firm specializing in commercial law, corporate litigation, and business investment. Book your consultation today. Litigation The Leaders In Litigation Home Expertise Commercial Litigation Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam The unique nature and breadth of the judicial system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia requires practitioners with a deep knowledge of Sharia law and a profound understanding of the tenets of Islamic jurisprudence.Our robust Litigation Team is skilled at settling business disputes throughout all levels and types of Saudi courts. Perhaps, there is not an area, industry, or regulatory issue in this domain that we have left untouched during our long practice spanning over four decades.Our ability to understand complex domestic and international commercial disputes combined with our precedent-setting record and prowess in the courtroom has earned us a formidable reputation among our peers and throughout the business community in the Region. Our firm’s involvement often influences opponents to quickly settle their disputes with our clients.A Deep Understand of the Saudi Judicial SystemAs the Kingdom’s procedural laws and court system evolve, so too does our practice, which remains at the forefront of changing regulations. With an increased focus on codification of regulatory laws governing key sectors of the economy (including banking, telecommunication, intellectual property, corporate, maritime, employment law, real estate, and concession rights), we recognize that our clients’ commercial and administrative disputes must be handled from diverse perspectives.Our archives are replete with cases that were unique both in nature and complexity and had no precedent in local case law. In fact, many of our cases have resulted in landmark judgments. Our arguments, reasoning, and analysis in some of the most complicated and keenly contested cases won laurels – not only from the legal counsels of our clients – but those of the opponents and other legal luminaries in the Kingdom.Litigation matters are entrusted to our highly qualified Litigation Practice Group with extensive experience in advocacy and trial work before all courts of law, judicial committees and commissions throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our firm is one of a select group to hold litigation licenses from both the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Commerce.A Depth and Breadth of Resources to Support our ClientsNo two disputes are identical. As such, we deploy the most appropriate strategies and resources to obtain an outcome that maximizes gains for our clients and/or minimizes their losses.As our Litigation Practice Group is part of our larger business law practice, we can draw on the specialized expertise of other lawyers when client interests extend beyond litigation matters.Our external network is extensive, allowing us to work closely with a variety of subject matter experts to strengthen the technical aspects of our argument and present cases with the greatest possible clarity and in a manner that is easily understood by all parties involved.We deploy our resources prudently and in the most efficient and effective method possible.We are always cognizant of client’s budgetary constraints and remain in constant communication on developments that can potentially impact costs.About Our Litigation Practice TeamOur litigation lawyers have been representing domestic and international client for over five decades.Notable Litigation Matters Include:Defending a leading corporate on USD $10 billion product liability claim launched by the Saudi Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia.Acting for an international airline on its claim in connection with a sale of goods contract at the Board of Grievance Commercial Committee.Advising an oil and gas major on USD $217 million damages claim for breach of contract and non-payment, and USD $93 million damages claim for non-delivery in relation to a Kerosene purchase agreement.Acting for an oil and Gas major in a USD $66 million damages claim for breach of contract and non-delivery in relation to a Natural Gas purchase agreement (counsel to defendant).Settling a USD $20 million dispute relating to the construction of a tower that occurred between a major Italian contractor and a subcontractor.Advising a group of heirs of a high-net-worth Saudi business family over a dispute related to the distribution of an estate with business and property valuations of over USD $4.8 billion. Our legal team facilitated the settlement through court and formalized the distribution of the estate for the client.Defending a leading international manufacturer on a USD $10 billion claim in the Sharia Court.Advising a leading domestic contractor on a USD $10 million dispute for breach of contract and non-compliance with contractual specifications relating to the construction of exhaust pipes in a power plant.Acting for a major GCC financial institution on their dispute over a financial guarantee in the amount of USD $200 million for becoming the master developer of a mega multi-use government development pr... --- ## Intellectual Property URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/intellectual-property/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1718 > Specialized IP legal team in Saudi Arabia helping clients with trademark, patent, and copyright enforcement and disputes within the GCC. Intellectual Property Leaders In Intellectual Property Law Home Expertise Intellectual Property Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Like other jurisdictions, there is an increased focus on the protection of intellectual property in Saudi Arabia and encompasses all types of IP rights.Trademark and patent infringement of successful brands has been an intractable issue in Saudi Arabia and the region. Protecting Intellectual Property (IP) rights has become of strategic importance in fulfilling the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s “Vision 2030” ambitions. The government recognizes that IP rights play a central role in fueling creativity, innovation, and business investment – leading to a more diversified competitive domestic economy as well as making the business environment for foreign entrants more inviting and secure. As a result, Saudi Arabia’s IP regulatory landscape is rapidly changing, and new ways and means are being adopted to ensure the protection of IP rights in line with international treaties, protocols, and conventions to which Saudi Arabia is a party.Our IP Practice Team has gained wide recognition in contesting the use of internationally established trademarks, trade names, copyrights, inventions, and proprietary know-how under various international treaties. We have also successfully prevented patent infringement and the sale of counterfeit goods in the Kingdom.A Growing Commitment to Protect IP RightsIn 2018, the Government of Saudi Arabia established the Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property (SAIP) as the sole IP authority in the Kingdom and brought it under the folds of a unified authority. SAIP has also strengthened cooperation for IP rights with several key international trading partners including the United States, China, the European Union, Japan, and Korea.SAIP is also responsible for proposing new rules and regulations relating to IP rights to ensure national legislation keeps pace with the rapidly evolving international technology landscape. These developments will further strengthen the Kingdom’s domestic intellectual property protection framework so that it may be at par with international IP best practices.As leading practitioners, our legal team works closely with SAIP and remains at the forefront of developments in intellectual property laws and regulations in the Kingdom. We regularly advise clients on:Domain name disputes.Ecommerce infringements.Unlawful and restrictive trade practices.Trademark licensing and infringements.Copyright infringements.Industrial design.IP due diligence for M&A transactions.We also undertake registration of trademarks and patents covering the entire Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries through our correspondent firms.Furthermore, to protect and enforce your rights, we are widely considered to be leaders in dispute resolution services in the Kingdom, applying proven Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms and initiating litigation where required to defend Intellectual Property rights.About Our Intellectual Property Practice GroupOur IP Legal Team draws on over 50 years of experience representing domestic and international business clients in the Kingdom.Notable Intellectual Property Matters Include:Representing an Italian automotive multinational in successfully preventing import and sale of counterfeit motor spare parts in the Kingdom and taking action against the entities involved in such trade.Advising a Kenyan tea company in contesting a similar trademark issued to a local establishment.Representing A Saudi Industrial conglomerate in a claim raised by a group of minority shareholders in the company over its worldwide popular trademark.Representing a French Restaurant in contesting a similar trademark issued to a local entity.Representing a Mobile Telephone Operator over a claim filed by an individual disputing patent right on some of the technologies being used by our client.Contact Our Intellectual Property TeamIf you seek IP protection or your IP rights have been infringed upon, please contact us for support. No matter the complexity of your matter, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to defend your interests and produce sound resolutions. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs How is intellectual property law evolving in Saudi Arabia? Saudi Arabia is increasingly aligning its IP laws with international treaties and protocols as part of its Vision 2030 initiative. This has led to a stronger focus on IP enforcement and regulation, enhanced protection for trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secrets, and the establishment of the Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property (SAIP). What is the role of the Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property (SAIP)? SAIP is the sole authority managing IP rights in Saudi Arabia. It proposes new IP laws and regulations, enhances enforc... --- ## Insurance URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/insurance/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1444 > Optimize your property insurance strategy in Saudi Arabia with Al-Ghazzawi & Partners. Trusted legal expertise for business in KSA. Insurance Leaders In Insurance Law Home Expertise Commercial Insurance Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam The insurance industry gained greater prominence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia after the opening of the sector to foreign entities and the resulting consolidation that followed. Furthermore, the industry experienced rapid growth when vehicle and medical insurance became mandatory in the Kingdom and as new economic reforms encouraged foreign investment and economic diversification. The laws and regulations governing various aspects of insurance also evolved and became much broader to help regulate relations between different players in the insurance sector.With over 50 years of experience, AlGhazzawi & Partners is considered the leading Saudi law firm for resolving complex insurance disputes. We have been active participants in the growth of this sector with broad experience representing and advising insurers, policyholders, and other stakeholders on commercial insurance agreements and coverage disputes.Insurance Laws Continue to ChangeOur firm has remained at the forefront of the rapidly evolving legal and regulatory regime governing insurance in the Kingdom. We have helped draft complex agreements between industry participants including:ShareholdersPartnersUnderwritersReinsurersService providersAgentsOur insurance practice also has vast experience resolving commercial insurance claim disputes including those involving:Commercial and industrial firesMotor vehicle accidentsIndustrial accidentsMedical liabilityGeneral liabilityProfessional indemnityProduct liabilityRe-insuranceTransport, aviation, and marineWe work closely with our clients to analyze coverage issues and develop cost-effective strategies to maximize the claim value of their insured assets.We apply our insurance expertise and vast resources to resolve insurance claim disputes using the most timely and cost-effective methods available. We settle most disputes through persuasion and negotiation using Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms. However, when necessary, we pursue litigation to recover monetary damages when insurers deny claims and are unwilling to negotiate a fair settlement.About Our Insurance Practice TeamOur Insurance Practice team has represented domestic and international insurance companies, policyholders, and other stakeholders on complex matters before the Committees for Settlement of Insurance Disputes and before the administrative courts and general courts.Notable Insurance Related Matters Include:Providing ongoing advice to a joint-stock company engaged in multiple insurance businesses on different issues related to insurance matters.Representing a leading insurance agency and brokerage firm engaged in underwriting medical and vehicle insurance policies with the principal over claims of unpaid commissions as well as damages over breach of contractual obligations.Contact Our Insurance Practice TeamNo matter the complexity of your insurance dispute, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to defend your interests and produce sound resolutions. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs What types of insurance legal services does AlGhazzawi & Partners offer? We advise and represent clients in all areas of Saudi insurance law, including policy drafting, regulatory compliance, and dispute resolution. Our team supports insurers, policyholders, underwriters, reinsurers, brokers, and other stakeholders in navigating legal complexities across the sector. How has the insurance sector evolved in Saudi Arabia? Following the opening of the sector to foreign investors and the enforcement of mandatory medical and motor insurance, the industry has seen significant growth and regulatory development. New laws now govern a wider scope of relationships and responsibilities across insurance players. Do you help with insurance claim disputes? Our insurance dispute lawyer analyzes insurance coverage, develops cost-effective claim strategies, and resolves disputes through negotiation, mediation, or litigation when needed for issues involving property damage (fires), motor vehicle accidents, industrial and medical liability, general and product liability, reinsurance, and transportation (marine and aviation) insurance. Do you have experience with regulatory bodies and courts? We have represented clients before the Committees for Settlement of Insurance Disputes, as well as administrative and general courts across the Kingdom, including high-stakes and complex cases. Who do you represent in insurance-related matters? We act for both domestic and international insurance companies, policyholders, brokers, and service providers. Whether you’re managing claims or contractual issues, we help protect your interests and ensure regulatory alignment. Contact Us Today Key Contacts Jaafer... --- ## Environmental URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/environmental/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1445 > Trusted law firm specializing in Saudi environmental law, offering legal advice on environmental regulation, compliance, and sustainable business growth. Environmental The Leaders In Environmental Home Expertise Environmental Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Environmental regulations are becoming more stringent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Policies enacted to control pollution and contamination are placing ever-increasing environmental governance demands on every sector of the economy.Clients depend on our guidance to understand the implications of environmental policies on their operation. In addition to providing advice on all aspects of environmental law in the Kingdom, Al-Ghazzawi and Partners also counsels on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors that affect our clients. As more stakeholders take note of a company’s ESG practices, forward-thinking businesses recognize that non-compliance can expose them to serious liability and impact their standing with customers, investors, and regulatory authorities.Stay Ahead of Rapidly Evolving Regulations in Environmental LawManaging environmental requirements and adhering to all permitting processes and regulations are necessary steps for any ongoing industrial operation or new project. Our legal team aids clients in managing these requirements and regulations from a project’s conception to its completion, ensuring that no unforeseen regulatory obstacles will impact its success.Once a project is completed, we help clients stay consistently abreast of both domestic and global environmental protection standards that impact their business, and put that new information immediately to work for them.We consult with both private and public sector clients to help them avoid environmental liability through creative problem solving, preventative counseling, and proactive action. Our environmental practice team regularly assists in:Environmental due diligence for all business transaction such as mergers and acquisitions.Interpretation and application of environmental laws and regulations.Management of environmental permit processes.Compliance with environmental enforcement demands.Negotiations with local and international environmental agencies.Advice on hazardous waste, water, air, health and safety, and disposal issues.Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) or litigation where required to defend client interests.About Our Environmental Practice GroupOur legal team has more than 50 years of experience advising clients on complex environmental challenges facing businesses operating in Saudi Arabia. We closely monitor environmental policy, climate change and trade policy, and regulatory developments through our close ties with governing bodies and policymakers both within and outside of the Kingdom.Notable environmental projects include:Advising a group of factories operating in the Industrial City who were asked to shift their factories to another location.Advising a leading multinational engaged in the manufacturing of industrial gases on pollution control compliance issues.Contact Our Environmental Practice GroupNo matter the complexity of your environmental-related concerns, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to advise you on all compliance matters and protect your interests. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs How are Saudi environmental laws changing? Environmental laws in the Kingdom are becoming stricter and more widespread, affecting every industry. New policies focus on reducing pollution and contamination while increasing accountability and compliance. Why is ESG compliance important for businesses in Saudi Arabia? Environmental, Social, and Governance practices are under growing scrutiny by regulators, investors, and consumers. Non-compliance can lead to legal and financial liability, harm brand reputation, and disrupt investor relations. Do you handle environmental issues in mergers and acquisitions? We conduct environmental due diligence during corporate transactions to identify regulatory liabilities and ensure the target company complies with environmental laws, which helps protect buyers from unforeseen risks. How do you assist clients with environmental permits and approvals? We help clients navigate the complex permitting process by reviewing legal requirements, preparing documentation, coordinating with regulatory authorities, and managing timelines to avoid project delays. How do you help companies ensure compliance with Saudi labour laws? While our main focus is minimizing risk and protecting client reputation, if any issues arise, we use several strategies, including preventive counseling and proactive compliance reviews, negotiation with regulators to resolve matters amicably, and litigation or arbitration if necessary to defend our clients’ interests. Contact Us Today Key Contacts Rima M. El-Chaaraoui Counsel rima@ghazzawilawfirm.com +966 12 653 1576 Talal Belal Ghazzawi Senior Associate talal@ghazzawilawfi... --- ## Employment URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/employment/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1637 > Top Saudi law firm in employment and corporate law, advising on labor disputes, business investments, and regulatory matters with local expertise. Employment Leaders In Employment Law Home Expertise Employment Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Employment laws and regulations governing labour relations are rapidly shifting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The “Saudization” system (i.e. Nitaqat) that requires employers in the private sector to hire a minimum percentage of Saudi nationals has been underway for several years. More recently, the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development launched a Labour Reform Initiative (LRI) to replace the existing sponsorship system (i.e. kafala), which had previously placed significant constraints on foreign worker job mobility in the Kingdom.Al-Ghazzawi and Partners can help your business successfully navigate the changing employment landscape. Throughout our five decades of practice, we have strongly believed that maintaining sound employer-employee relations is critical to our clients’ success. Labour disruptions, high employee turnover, fraud, and negligence can exact a great toll on a business – as does being offside with labour regulations.Managing Labour Disputes in Saudi Arabia Requires Expert GuidanceIn past years, labour disputes were referred to the Ministry of Labour Commission and the High Commission for the Settlement of Labour Dispute. Today, Labour disputes are referred to new specialized courts established pursuant to Royal Decree No. 20712. There are seven labour courts across the Kingdom in Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Makkah, Madina, Buraydah, and Abha. In addition, there are 27 supporting Labour Circuits and six Appeal Courts.Clients depend on our guidance to manage labour disputes in the most timely, confidential, and cost-effective methods possible – while protecting their reputation as employers within the Kingdom.Our employment law services regularly include:Representing clients at all Labour Committee and Labour Court hearings.Launching urgent proceedings in the Labour Committees.Advice on labour strategies and compensation structures.Drafting contracts of employment and other procedural agreements.Advice for new market entrants on labour laws and strategies.Advice on the labour implications of mergers and acquisitions.Advice on alternative means of dispute resolution including mediation and arbitration.Initiating litigation when required.Defending against accusations of unfair labour practices.Handling issues related to labour dismissal and employment benefits.Conducting internal investigations with employees for negligence, improper discharge of their duties, financial misconduct, fraud, misappropriation, forgery, etc.Serving Domestic and International Clients on Matters of Employment LawFurthermore, growing Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) expectations of all global companies make it increasingly critical for boards and management to familiarize themselves with how their companies are managing human capital in Saudi Arabia. The pressure to maintain fair and consistent employment standards, and avoid any appearance of exploitation, has never been greater. We assist our clients to incorporate social and human capital policies in their governance and stay ahead of both local labour laws and international best practices.About Our Employment Law Practice GroupOur legal team regularly handles the most complex issues under employment law in the Kingdom. They are supported by our team of litigators who adeptly resolve most disputes through negotiation and mediation, well before matters reach the courts.Notable employment law projects include:Advising a global communications service provider on employment issues arising from the acquisition of another international firm in the field of telecommunication and networking.Guiding a leading tobacco manufacturer through the dismissal of a large batch of employees.Aiding an oil and gas major affiliate in a claim by 130 employees for payment of early retirement benefits, saving the client over USD $13.3 million.Advising a large multinational industrial gas manufacturing company in its claims against a key executive for misappropriation of company funds.Contact Our Employment Law Practice GroupNo matter the complexity of your labour related challenges, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to resolve the most complex disputes. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs What does Saudization mean for employers? Under Nitaqat, companies must meet specific quotas for Saudi national employment based on their industry and size. Non-compliance may lead to penalties or restrictions on government services. What is the Labour Reform Initiative (LRI)? The LRI enhances job mobility and improves work conditions for foreign employees by removing many constraints of the old sponsorship (kafala) system. For example, foreign workers now have more rights to change jobs without em... --- ## Dispute Resolution URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/dispute-resolution/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2880 > Trust Al-Ghazzawi law firm for dispute resolution in Saudi Arabia. Our dispute resolution lawyer team provides effective and timely solutions. Dispute Resolution The Leaders In Dispute Resolution Home Expertise Dispute Resolution and ADR Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam When commercial and corporate disputes arise, using options that avoid litigation can significantly reduce both time to resolution and legal fees. It can also help preserve the relationship between opposing parties. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which refers to solving disputes outside the court system (and includes negotiation, mediation, and arbitration) has gained significant importance in the Kingdom as the preferred method to resolving business disputes.ADR has been a cornerstone of our practice for more than 50 years. Having successfully represented domestic and international clients in hundreds of high-profile, high-stake matters in the Kingdom, our lawyers are highly qualified ADR practitioners who are widely considered leaders in their field, and practice in accordance with international and professional standards in Arabic and/or English. As a firm, we are committed to helping clients prevent and resolve disputes by applying innovative alternatives to litigation.A Successful Dispute Resolution Strategy Begins EarlyConducting business in the Saudi market that stands the test of time requires a robust understanding of all available dispute resolution mechanisms that can be applied in the event of a disagreement among parties. Protecting clients from potential future disputes begins well before agreements are signed.Mediation and Arbitration clauses, meticulously drafted by us in contracts and agreements, have been instrumental in protecting the interests of our clients. Be it the choice of law, means of dispute resolution, venue provision, or other legal and regulatory issues, we ensure our clients are protected now and in the future.Dispute prevention and early resolution of unavoidable conflicts are foundational to our practice. We have years of experience working directly with key project personnel to avoid disputes and effectively and efficiently resolve – on a ‘real-time’ basis – those disputes which cannot be avoided while keeping them outside the courts.Using ADR to Settle Commercial and Corporate Dispute in KSAA skilled mediator is critical to the resolution of any dispute between two or more parties. The earlier dispute resolution occurs, the greater the chance of preserving the relationship between the parties involved. Unlike litigation, which will have a win or lose outcome, opposing parties can use ADR to tailor the outcome and the dispute resolution process.Where parties agree to refer their disputes to Saudi or international arbitration regimes, arbitration can prove to be a cost-effective means for the settlement of disputes, particularly disputes involving multinational parties. Like mediation, arbitration is highly flexible, yet it demands greater attention and requires expert legal advisors who have deeper insight and can think strategically.Like most other jurisdictions, the local arbitration regime considers the arbitral award as final and binding; therefore, our lawyers ensure that they present their arguments and evidence in the greatest detail possible.We regularly undertake bespoke processes to resolve disputes which can include:Direct negotiationMediationDomestic and International Arbitration Boards and Arbitral TribunalsExpert determinationsAdjudicationsCommittees formed by royal decreeAnd where ADR methods are unsuccessful, our robust litigation team is ready to protect your interests.About Our Dispute Resolution TeamThe Dispute Resolution Practice at Al-Ghazzawi and Partners combines over five decades of extensive expertise with training to international best practice standards at the AAA-ICDR. Our team maintains a heavy schedule of lectures and seminars on techniques for avoiding and resolving disputes and are consistently at the forefront of the latest international developments in ADR practices.Our team’s ability to understand the nature of disputes and analyze the best means of its resolution has earned us recognition among peers and across the region. Our firm’s involvement and reputation will often influence opponents to settle commercial disputes faster.We act confidentially and with sensitivity and a sense of urgency.Our deep business grounding allows us to see the big picture and create innovative solutions.Our out-of-court negotiation skills help us obtain desirable outcomes for our clients.We ensure that the decisions or agreements between parties are binding and enforceable.Our active involvement in several national and international arbitration boards is an advantage to our clients.We have successfully counselled clients through:General commercial and contractual disputesShareholder disputesRegulatory investigations and enforcement proceedingsFraud and asset tracingProperty and estate disputesConstruction and engineering disputesBanking, insurance, and financial disputesNotable Alternative Disput... --- ## Contracts URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/contracts/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1779 > Al-Ghazzawi & Partners - Your trusted contracts law firm in Saudi Arabia. Specialized in business contracts, legal drafting, and dispute resolution. Contracts Leaders In Contract Law Home Expertise Corporate Contracts Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Contracts are the foundation of law. You might have need of contracts on a wide range of issues, including technology transfer, licensing, intellectual property use, and project financing. It is essential that you ensure they reflect your best interests and are mutually understood by all parties. Strong agreements make business simpler, more productive, and more secure.AlGhazzawi & Partners has a highly experienced and insightful commercial contracts team that can assist your business in any commercial matter. Our legal practice is fully equipped to draft, review, and advise your team about contracts on major projects, over valuable goods and procurements, and regarding complex legal arrangements. We also have extensive expertise and knowledge surrounding the tradition of contract law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how that may affect your domestic or international interests.Experienced Legal Support for Complex Contractual IssuesReviewing commercial contracts without knowledgeable and thorough legal help can have catastrophic repercussions for your business. We help clients understand complex arrangements and ensure their interests are well-protected. We have handled large and complex contract challenges for major foreign and domestic clients.We are a large business law practice that can draw on the specialized expertise of lawyers in every practice area who understand the latest regulations and case law history governing key sectors of the economy (including banking, energy, telecommunication, intellectual property, corporate, maritime, employment law, real estate, and concession rights) and help clients in finalizing fool-proof contracts.Furthermore, we are widely considered to be leaders in dispute resolution services in the Kingdom, with a deep understanding of all available preventative and active mechanisms that can be applied in the event of contractual disputes, including Alternative Dispute Resolution and litigation. Where required, we meticulously draft mediation and arbitration clauses in contracts and agreements to protect the interests of our clients. Be it the choice of law, means of dispute resolution, venue provision, or other legal and regulatory issues, we ensure our clients are protected now and in the future.About Our Contract Practice GroupOur team has over 50 years of experience drafting a wide range of complex contracts including civil works, plants design works, equipment installation and procurement works, project management, turnkey projects, EPC contracts, and contracts that are ancillary to main agreements.Notable contract projects include:Advising a Spanish-Saudi consortium on its $8.25 billion Phase 2 of the Haramain High-Speed Railway Project connecting the two Holy cities of Mecca and Madinah via Jeddah; advising on all contractual aspects of the project beginning from assisting the prime contractor with the bid preparation to pre-qualification and later with the execution – a multi-billion US dollar transaction that required heavy involvement from our commercial and corporate team including but not limited to negotiations on behalf of the client with government ministries and authorities.Drafting and revising various agreements and contracts for a leading Chinese railway construction company as the main contractor on a USD $2 billion Mecca Metro Project.Drafting documents regarding the purchase of a vessel agreement and ancillary agreements, valued at USD $34 million.Drafting different contracts for Dredging and Reclamation works of an area covering over 2.4 million sq. meters.Drafting contracts for a Master Developer of a mixed-use tract of land measuring 60,000 sq. meters.Advising Al-Balad Al Ameen Development and Urban Regeneration, the real estate branch of the Higher Council for the Development of Makkah, on their SAR $13 billion project for the development of slum areas in Makkah. We are advising them on all of their contracts pertaining to the development of the area.Acting for an international airline in connection with a sale of goods contract.Contact Our Contracts Legal TeamNo matter the length, breadth, or importance of your contractual matter, the experienced team at Al-Ghazzawi and Partners has the dedication and foresight to handle your contracts with your best interests in mind. We draft and review documents to create clear, functional, and binding contracts that will protect your business. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide contractual services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs Why is involving a legal team in drafting or reviewing commercial contracts important? Legal guidance is critical to ensure that contracts are enforceable, aligned with your interests, and structured to prevent future disputes. Without proper... --- ## Competition & Anti-Trust URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/competition-anti-trust/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1693 > Leading law firm for competition and anti-trust law in Saudi Arabia. Expertise in mergers, compliance, and regulatory investigations. Competition & Anti-Trust Leaders In Competition and Anti-Trust Law Home Expertise Competition & Anti-Trust Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Recent economic reforms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have also resulted in an influx of direct foreign investment and a flurry of new merger and acquisition activity. In response, Saudi Arabia’s General Authority for Competition (GAC) has updated its merger control regime and increased enforcement activity to discourage and penalize anti-competitive practices in the Kingdom.As the leading mergers and acquisitions law firm in Saudi Arabia, AlGhazzawi & Partners regularly advises domestic and international clients on competition, World Trade Organization, and anti-trust matters in the Kingdom. Our 50+ year history coupled with our reputation amongst regulatory authorities allow us to gain clarity on the rapidly evolving competition and anti-trust laws in the Kingdom which we immediately utilize to the benefit of our clients.Competition and Anti-Trust Enforcement is on the RiseSaudi Arabia’s General Authority for Competition (GAC) has become a powerful enforcement agency in the Kingdom. The new Competition Law which came into effect late 2019 is wide reaching with regards to anti-competitive practices and merger control rules. As a result, the number of anti-competitive complaints, investigation, and sanctions have risen sharply in recent years.The threshold at which “economic concentration” concerns must be assessed by GAC is relatively low. It includes any transaction within a sector where the total sales of all participants combined exceed SAR 100 million (~USD $26 million). New market entrants often underestimate their exposure to anti-trust risk.According to the GAC, the most common anticompetitive practices attracting penalties in Saudi Arabia are price fixing, retail constraints, market allocation, exclusive dealing, and bid-rigging in government tenders. Other issues cited include misleading customers practices and lack of cooperation during GAC investigations.It is increasingly evident that domestic and international companies contemplating transactions that may place them in the crosshairs of Saudi competition regulators must seek specialized advice to assess their risks and understand their notification and filing obligations.Our experienced Competition and Anti-Trust Practice Group provides prudent guidance on:Evaluating current “economic concentration” concerns and assessing existing risksPerforming competition risk assessments for potential mergers and acquisitionsAssessing notification and filing requirements to GACEngaging in informal discussions with GAC for non-binding, anonymous guidanceSeeking formal GAC approval on transactions that fall within its scopeDefending clients against antitrust and monopolistic practices complaints and sanctionsProviding competition and anti-trust compliance training to internal teamsIt is important to note that the Competition Law not only applies to entities operating in Saudi Arabia, but also to practices taking place outside the Kingdom that may be detrimental to fair competition in the Kingdom.About Our Competition & Anti-Trust Legal TeamOur legal team has more than five decades of experience with complex competition and anti-trust matters involving both local and cross-border transactions in all key sectors of the economy. We help our clients remain compliant and defend their interests against anti-trust complaints.Notable Competition and Anti-Trust matters include:Working with a large multinational giant engaged in manufacturing on the amalgamation of nine large companies into one, involving very close interaction with the Competition Agency and fulfilling extensive legal documentation.Guiding a major travel industry service provider on their compliance with the competition regulation in the Saudi market.Aiding a leading international tobacco manufacturer on their compliance with regulations regarding competition.Contact Our Legal TeamNo matter the complexity of your competition and anti-trust law challenges, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to produce results. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs What is the role of Saudi Arabia’s General Authority for Competition (GAC)? It is the Kingdom’s primary regulatory body responsible for enforcing competition law and ensuring a fair, competitive market. The GAC also plays a central role in reviewing mergers and acquisitions for potential “economic concentration” concerns. When does a merger or acquisition require GAC notification or approval? Notification to GAC is required for any transaction where the combined total annual sales of the involved entities exceed SAR 100 million (≅ $26 million), regardless of whether the deal is local or international. AlGhazzawi & Partners advises clients on a... --- ## Capital Markets URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/capital-markets/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2034 > Trusted Saudi capital markets law firm with 50+ years experience in IPOs, securities regulation, and Islamic finance for local and international clients. Capital Markets Leaders In Capital Markets Law Home Expertise Capital Markets Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Understand the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s capital market regulations, renowned as among the most advanced and sophisticated in the MENA Region.As an established legal practice, we specialize in advising a diverse clientele, including domestic and international corporations, institutions, investment banks, and funds, on a wide spectrum of capital market transactions and the relevant regulatory compliance matters.With a wealth of expertise in this dynamic field, we are dedicated to providing tailored guidance and support to help our clients navigate the complexities of the Kingdom’s regulations with confidence and success.With over half a century of experience handling capital market matters under both conventional and Islamic law, our Capital Markets Practice regularly advises clients on equity and debt derivatives (in both conventional and Islamic law), including equity-linked products, securitization, Sukuk, and structured finance transactions. These instruments align with the Sharia principles and cater to the growing demand for Islamic finance solutions in the Saudi financial landscape.Saudi Arabia’s IPO Landscape and Corporate GovernanceSaudi Arabia has been actively pursuing an agenda of economic diversification and privatization as part of its Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to reduce the Kingdom’s dependency on oil revenues and stimulate growth in non-oil sectors. As part of this initiative, the Saudi government has been encouraging both the state-owned enterprises and the private entities to go public through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul).Consequently, the IPO fundraising jumped in Saudi Arabia during the first half of 2024 wherein Saudi companies raised $2.1 billion in 19 offerings, a 141% increase compared to the first half of 2023.In terms of corporate governance, the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) plays a crucial role in regulating the securities market and ensuring transparency and accountability in corporate practices. The CMA has introduced a number of regulations and guidelines to improve corporate governance standards for listed companies in Saudi Arabia, aligning them more closely with international best practices. One significant development was the permission granted to foreign investors to participate in IPOs under certain conditions, which included being classified as a Qualified Foreign Investor (QFI).The QFI program was established to allow foreign institutions to invest directly in the Saudi stock market. To qualify as a QFI, foreign investors need to meet specific criteria set by the CMA, such as having a minimum level of assets under management and a track record of successful investment. By opening up IPOs to QFIs, Saudi Arabia aimed to increase foreign investment in the country’s stock market and promote economic growth.In 2017, Tadawul had launched a parallel market, called Nomu for SMEs to raise capital. Nomu has lighter listing requirements compared to the conventional market. However, it is restricted to offering shares to qualified investors and not the general public.AlGhazzawi and Partners specializes in assisting companies in completing their IPOs in the Saudi Arabian market and preparing the necessary regulatory documentation required for an IPO. This involves working closely with clients to draft prospectuses, offering memorandums, and other legal documents that comply with CMA’s regulations. In addition to documentation preparation, we provide strategic counseling to companies throughout the IPO process. This includes advising on the structuring of the offering, conducting due diligence, navigating regulatory requirements, and addressing any legal issues that may arise during the IPO process. The firm’s team of experienced lawyers works closely with clients to develop tailored strategies that align with their business objectives and ensure a smooth and successful IPO.Our long-standing working relationship with the regulators and the CMA acts to simplify and streamline processes, reduce complications, and yield timely results for our clients’ capital market activities.About Our Capital Market LawyersOur legal team has over five decades of experience in handling complex capital market transactions under both conventional and Islamic law. In fact, our Islamic finance specialists have advised on several “first-ever” Sharia-compliant capital market transactions – including the first fully limited recourse Sukuk structure and Sharia-compliant securitization structures.Notable Capital Markets projects include:Guiding a well-known healthcare company in its own restructuring and that of its subsidiaries, in preparation for an initial public offering (IPO).Advising a leading Saudi company engaged in the industrial sector in preparation for a private placement and a potential offer.Aiding a gro... --- ## Business Structuring URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/business-structuring/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 2155 > Al-Ghazzawi & Partners, a leading corporate law firm offering expert legal advice on business setup and corporate structuring in KSA. Business Structuring Leaders In Business Setup and Corporate Structuring Home Expertise Business Setup and Structuring Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Economic reforms in Saudi Arabia have unleashed a new era of Saudi entrepreneurship and a sharp increase in direct foreign investment in the form of new market entrants, mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships. While the opportunities are exciting, adequate diligence and prudence must be applied to how all new ventures are structured. Failure to do so can have serious and unexpected consequences for any business. The Kingdom is continuously codifying business activities and integrating licensing and incorporation services to simplify and streamline access, and this necessitates that existing businesses also align with the changes.Our corporate practice is a major practice area of our firm and encompasses the entire spectrum of corporate law. With over 50 years of experience, we have guided thousands of emerging and growing entities, multinational, investment banks, private equity funds, and family businesses on the successful formation of new businesses and the ideal corporate structures that are most suitable for their ventures. This extensive know-how allows us to offer our clients practical and informed insights that are compliant with both Sharia practices and the rapidly evolving regulatory environment in the Kingdom.Business Structuring for Domestic and Foreign-Owned CorporationsThe successful structuring of entities in Saudi Arabia requires a thorough understanding of the entire spectrum of corporate law and necessitates staying abreast of changing regulatory regimes.Our market-leading Corporate Practice encompasses all key business areas that may impact our clients including taxation, employment, environment, technology, intellectual property, real estate, contracts, investments, licensing issues, concession, public procurement policies, capital market law, alternative dispute resolution, litigation, and others. We maintain a well-regarded reputation with government authorities and remain up to date on regulatory changes that we utilize to inform and benefit our clients.Our decades of experience in the Kingdom’s banking and finance industry are paired with extensive knowledge relating to the setup of legal entities and structures favoured by Islamic banks and Sharia scholars in the Middle East.This combination of knowledge and experience makes us a highly-valued partner in the formation of new entities in the Kingdom including:General and limited partnershipsJoint venturesLimited liability companies (LLCs)Joint stock companiesSaudi Arabian branchesInvestment fundsNot-for-profitsFranchises, agency/distributorshipsWe also regularly advise clients on:Corporate governanceMergers and acquisitionsObtaining regulatory licensesRegistration with the appropriate government agenciesNegotiating and drafting of commercial agreementsLicensing of trademarks and names.Protection of intellectual property rightsOther corporate mattersAnd should you find yourself in a position of conflict which requires legal support, our team has extensive expertise in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and litigation to defend your interests.About Our Business Structuring Legal TeamOur team succeeds thanks to their commitment to understand each client’s specific challenges and produce practical and cost-effective solutions that align with the law and the client’s best interest. We have a long and proven track record of acting on high-profile deals and complex structuring transactions in all key sectors of the economy.Notable corporate structuring projects include:Advising a Spanish-Saudi consortium on its USD $8.25 billion Phase 2 of the Haramain High Speed Railway Project connecting the two Holy cities of Mecca and Madinah via Jeddah and advising on its overall transaction management in Saudi Arabia and on Sharia law; advising on all contractual aspects of the project beginning from assisting the prime contractor with the bid preparation to pre-qualification and later with the execution – a multi-billion US dollar transaction that required heavy involvement from our commercial and corporate team including but not limited to negotiations on behalf of the client with government ministries and authorities.Advising a leading Chinese railway construction company as the main contractor on a USD $2 billion Mecca Metro Project (Al-Mashaaer Al-Muqaddassah Metro) on all legal issues relating to the Mega Project, drafting various agreements and contracts and coordinating and liaising on behalf of the company with all concerned ministries and agencies.Advising a French and Spanish consortium on their bids for the operation and management of water and wastewater systems in Riyadh and Jeddah respectively with the Ministry of Water and Electricity and in reviewing and advising on the agreements from Sharia perspective and supervising the due diligence exercise.Advisi... --- ## Business Investment URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/business-investment/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1824 > Leading foreign investment law firms Saudi Arabia offering specialized legal services for business investment and market entry. Business Investment Leaders In Business Investment Law Home Expertise Business Investment Legal Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has outlined a strategy to achieve diversification through its “Vision 2030” plan, pursuing an aggressive program of economic reform to create an enabling environment for foreign and domestic investment. These reforms have resulted in an increase of all tracked measures on the World Bank’s 2020 “Ease of Doing Business” Index, including 3rd in the world for protecting minority investors and top quartile rankings for starting a business and registering property. In addition, several more sectors have been opened for foreign investment and a high-level standing committee has recently been set up to evaluate and allow foreign investments in strategic and sensitive sectors as well.AlGhazzawi and Partners has been advising domestic and foreign investors for over 50 years and we fully understand the commercial aspects and objectives of such investments. We work closely with our clients to create strategies for market entry, including new business structuring, mergers and acquisitions, franchising/distribution agreements, financing arrangements, Intellectual property protection, taxation, employment, and real estate acquisition.Successful Entry into the Saudi Market Requires Sound Legal SupportSaudi Arabia’s foreign investment incentives, young demographics, growing middle class, large and skilled local population, vast oil and mineral resources, along with its strategic location on the Arabian Peninsula between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf, all serve to make it the prime destination for foreign direct investment in the Middle East and North Africa.Our business investment specialists apply a comprehensive legal approach to market entry as well as in protecting and furthering the interests of existing enterprises. They work together with our experts in key practice areas to provide specific and customized advice for every investor’s unique requirements. We also have a strong working relationship with the Ministry of Investment, the agency that oversees foreign investment activities in Saudi Arabia.Furthermore, we are widely considered to be leaders in dispute resolution services in the Kingdom, with a deep understanding of all available preventative and active mechanisms that can be applied in the event of disagreement among partners, including Alternative Dispute Resolution and Litigation. This holistic approach has enabled us to provide foreign and domestic investors with peace of mind and the full range of legal services required to confidently operate and compete in the local market.About Our Business Investment Practice Teamfor over five decades, our firm has advised domestic and international business investors on how to successfully enter the Saudi market and protect their interest no matter the complexity of their projects.Notable Business Investment Matters Include:Representing a leading investment trust in the assembling of its real estate portfolio, valued at SAR 500 million, in the Kingdom, included advising on valuation, drafting agreements and the distribution and registration of assets between its co-owners and obtaining all necessary government and Sharia court approvals.Advising a Middle East investment house on the USD $350 million LBO acquisition of a company in the jewelry sector in Saudi Arabia (in conjunction with Herbert Smith Freehills).Advising a UAE bank and a Kuwaiti real estate conglomerate on their $3.2 billion investment in 12 towers in the City of Makkah.Advising a major multilateral development bank on its proposed equity participation in a Saudi real estate company.Advising a major Kuwaiti investment company in the acquisition of 40% of a leading firm.Working closely with various Bahraini, Kuwaiti, Emirati, and Hong Kong investment banks and companies on various multi-million dollars acquisitions of Saudi car lease company.Working closely with various Bahraini, Kuwaiti, Emirati, and Hong Kong investment banks and companies on various multi-million dollars acquisitions of Saudi companiesContact Our Business Investment TeamWhether you are a Saudi Entrepreneur or a foreign company looking to do business in the Kingdom, we invite you to contact us to discuss your particular investment project. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support investors across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs What legal support does AlGhazzawi & Partners provide for clients entering the Saudi market? We offer end-to-end legal investment advice services for market entry and investment structuring.This includes setting up new businesses, handling mergers and acquisitions, drafting franchisingand distribution agreements, securing financing arrangements, protecting intellectual property,managing taxation and employment, and facilitating real estate acquisition. How do yo... --- ## Bankruptcy & Insolvency URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/bankruptcy-insolvency/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1670 > Bankruptcy lawyer in Saudi Arabia. We help companies navigate insolvency and bankruptcy processes with expert legal advice and strategic solutions. Bankruptcy & Insolvency The Leaders In Bankruptcy and Insolvency Law Home Expertise Bankruptcy and Corporate Insolvency Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Bankruptcy and corporate insolvency cases create challenging legal hurdles that require knowledge and proficiency to navigate, especially when a salvage exercise is involved. Any corporate restructuring process requires a deep understanding of the rights and obligations of all affected parties. With experience in all key industry sectors, our team is equipped to assist you in meeting claim deadlines and will guide you to adeptly fulfill all regulatory provisions, prioritizing the protection of your rights and interests both inside and outside of court.At AlGhazzawi & Partners, we have over 50 years of experience advising debt and equity financers, borrowers, lenders, arrangers, project sponsors, international financial organizations and export-credit agencies through corporate liquidation, insolvency, and bankruptcy proceedings. Our legal team has tackled some of the most complex legal challenges faced by both domestic and foreign-owned companies across a variety of industries and sectors. Navigate Rapidly Evolving Bankruptcy and Corporate Insolvency RegulationsThe Regulatory regime covering insolvencies and bankruptcy has recently been revamped in the Kingdom to strengthen protection for creditors. These changes aim to prevent fraud deployed by unscrupulous businesses that siphon funds and dispose of assets to avoid fulfilling their financial obligations. Our practice has evolved and kept pace with the changing legal landscape, and our legal team remains well-versed with the current policy frameworks and regulations here in Saudi Arabia and internationally.Bankruptcy and Insolvency Help for Domestic and Foreign-Owned CompaniesOur team advises on a full range of bankruptcy and insolvency transactions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia including closures of businesses owned by national entities and/or international companies. We work closely with company auditors and advisors to ensure that all fiscal requirements are duly met within prescribed time frames, a key to a quick and successful closure. We regularly represent and protect the interests of various stakeholders, including:OwnersMajority shareholdersMinority shareholdersForeign partners.Our legal team is committed to facilitating quick solutions for debtors and creditors prior to the dissipation of available assets. Where possible, we help companies continue their operations despite enduring losses while guiding them to fulfill mandatory regulatory requirements to avoid penalties, fines and other punitive actions.We are experienced in acting as a liquidator for companies opting for voluntary closure as well as those forced by the courts to undergo liquidation. Our experienced legal team ensures that the liabilities of the companies we represent are managed and the rights of creditors are well-served.About Our Bankruptcy and Insolvency Practice GroupOur legal team’s broad experience in general business, corporate and commercial finance, and dispute resolution, makes us uniquely equipped to understand the practicalities of distressed organizations and to develop, in collaboration with our clients, strategies for optimum resolution of their problems.Notable Bankruptcy and Insolvency projects include:Guiding an Italian company engaged in providing services to the oil and gas industries in the voluntary closure of its businesses in Saudi Arabia.Aiding a Japanese multinational company in organizing the complete formal process of voluntary closure of businesses as well as acting as the official liquidator and trustee over its monetary and non-monetary assets.Handling a long stretched dispute for a Japanese multinational over dispute with their partner in a Saudi limited liability company and arranging its liquidation through court proceedingsWorking with a Singaporean company to obtain judgement from relevant courts in order to close businesses after their Saudi partner abandoned the business and declined to facilitate closure.Contesting bankruptcy declared by a real estate giant based in Riyadh to enforce a judicial order against the debtor before the declaration of bankruptcy.Contact Our Legal TeamNo matter the situation, our team has the mastery and reach to aid in navigating your bankruptcy or insolvency issues. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we provide bankruptcy and insolvency services to domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs What types of bankruptcy and insolvency cases does AlGhazzawi & Partners handle? We handle all aspects of bankruptcy, corporate liquidation, and insolvency legal services, including voluntary closures and court-mandated proceedings, for domestic and foreign-owned companies. Our work covers everything from meeting claim deadlines and regulatory compliance to pr... --- ## Banking Finance URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/practice/banking-finance/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1798 > Trusted law firm in Saudi Arabia specializing in banking, finance, and corporate legal services across Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam. Contact our experts now. Banking & Finance The Leaders In Banking & Finance Law Home Expertise Banking and Finance Lawyers in Saudi Arabia Offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam Vision 2030 is poised to transform the banking and finance industry, along with many other sectors in the Kingdom. Several large international banks and financial institutions are already expanding their operations here, and recent mega-mergers in the banking sector have made the changes very prominent. As a result, we expect to see a significant impact on debt markets, project financing, and both conventional and Islamic banking.Emerging Approaches in Fintech and Digital FinanceRapid progress in financial technology (fintech) is reforming the banking and finance sector worldwide, and Saudi Arabia is no exception. Digital banking and payment solutions are becoming increasingly prevalent, driven by consumer demand for convenience and efficiency. This shift towards digital finance is opening new avenues for growth and innovation.Comprehensive Banking and Finance Legal ServicesAlGhazzawi & Partners can help your business make the most of the changing landscape. We have more than 50 years of experience in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia handling debt finance, banking, and financial transaction matters under both conventional and Islamic law. Our legal team has tackled some of the most complex legal challenges faced by both domestic and foreign-owned companies across a variety of industries and sectors while concluding transactions with banks and financial institutions. Navigate Rapidly Evolving Regulations in Banking and FinanceChange and an inviting environment can offer big opportunities in Saudi Arabia. However, taking advantage of those opportunities will require up-to-date knowledge and some adaptation.Our deep roots in the Kingdom’s banking and finance industry are paired with extensive experience relating to legal entities and structures favored by Islamic banks and Sharia scholars in the Middle East. The combination of knowledge and experience allows us to offer clients practical insights and applications that are compliant with both Sharia practices and the rapidly evolving regulatory environment in the Kingdom. Starting off with the right guidance, thorough analysis, and sound documentation is the best way to avoid future conflicts.We stay consistently abreast of the changes from both the regulatory and global practice perspectives and put that new information immediately to work for our clients. Should you find yourself in a position of conflict which requires legal support at any time, our team has extensive expertise in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and litigation to protect your interests.About Our Banking and Finance Practice GroupOur legal team has advised clients on some of the Kingdom’s most complex banking and finance matters, including the rescheduling, restructuring, and securitization of various types of debt. We have also worked extensively on issues within the domain and jurisdiction of the Saudi Arabian Central Bank and have served several top-ranking international banks and financial institutions, gaining ever-deeper insight into the finance industry.Notable Banking and Finance projects include:Using our commercial bank financing expertise to guide a consortium comprised of Japanese multinationals on its bid for the USD $3 billion Marafiq power and desalination projects.Advising Sumitomo Chemicals on the development and project financing of the Rabigh Refining and Petrochemical Complex in Saudi Arabia, with an estimated project cost of USD $9.8 billion and a scope including captive independent water, steam, and power projects.Representing a banking group comprised of leading local and international banks on an innovative “Musharaka Mutanaqisa” securitization facility for a Saudi corporate entity.Working on several major GCC debt restructurings and related transactions.Advising BNP Paribas on various lending banking transactions with Saudi clients.Representing a major Bahraini investment bank on a USD $280 million acquisition of a Saudi joint stock company.Contact Our Legal TeamNo matter the complexity of your banking and finance-related projects, our legal team has the capabilities and depth to produce results. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we support domestic and international clients across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. Read More Read Less FAQs What types of banking and finance legal services does AlGhazzawi & Partners provide? We advise on various legal matters, including debt finance, banking transactions, securitization, project financing, and restructuring under conventional and Islamic banking systems. Our banking and finance lawyers have extensive experience advising domestic clients and global financial institutions operating in the Kingdom. How do you support clients navigating FinTech and digital banking regulations? As FinTech and digital finance gain momentum in Saudi Arabia, AlGha... --- ## Contact Us URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/contact-us/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 176 > Get reliable legal consultation with AlGhazawi Group — specialists in Saudi Arabia’s corporate, energy, and real estate laws. Contact Us Home For Immediate Assistance If you require urgent assistance, please call us during business hours 9am – 6pm +966 12 653 1576 enquiries@ghazzawilawfirm.com Dammam Office View Office Details AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 Jeddah Office View Office Details Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 Riyadh Office View Office Details King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Send Us A Message First Name Last Name Company Name Email Address Phone Number Please provide additional details Submit Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## About Us URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/about-us/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 1579 > Trust Al-Ghazzawi & Partners, a top Saudi law firm, for legal services in corporate governance, mergers, and business investment across the Kingdom. About Us Over Five Decades of Legal Achievements Home Contact Us Today Corporate Lawyers for Local and Foreign Businesses in Saudi Arabia AlGhazzawi & Partners is the law firm of choice for the Kingdom’s most dynamic businesses and multinational corporations operating in the Region, including several Fortune 500 companies. With the rapid pace of economic reforms and growth in business investment, AlGhazzawi & Partners remains the first port of call for advice on doing business in Saudi Arabia. The Firm’s renowned reputation and proven regional and international credentials were developed over its five decades of practice. Founded in 1968 by our Chairman, Dr. Talal Amin AlGhazzawi, the firm quickly flourished into a multi-disciplinary business law firm. Subsequently, Dr. Belal AlGhazzawi and Mr. Hussam AlGhazzawi joined as partners and brought international recognition to the firm. The archives and annals of the firm bear testimony to the prominent role it has played in strengthening the commercial and contractual relations between stakeholders who have undertaken massive construction, industrial, and commercial projects in the Kingdom. With 40 attorneys practicing across its offices in Jeddah, Riyadh and Dammam, the firm enjoys an enviable reputation for commitment to providing quality legal advice to clients and delivering legal services that meet international standards and benchmarks.. Thanks to its five-decade long history and rich experience, AlGhazzawi & Partners is able to offer its clients a powerful combination of local and international expertise. The firm is well known for having handled some of the most complicated lawsuits and complex legal matters in the Region across multiple sectors including M & A, Project Finance, Technology, Investments, Banking, Construction, Energy, and Real Estate. What further distinguishes our firm from others is our respect and understanding of the cultural nuances of doing business in the Region and our huge knowledge base of local laws and regulatory frameworks covering different domains. These include public procurement policy, concession arrangements in different areas, real estate expropriation for public good, and public private partnership (PPP). AlGhazzawi & Partners continues to provide valuable assistance to clients in navigating through the local regulatory, legal, and business processes in a seamless manner. Ultimately, our goal is to minimize the legal exposure of clients while maximizing their ability to conduct business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with confidence. History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. A Heritage Of High Standards Why AlGhazzawi & Partners Is One of the Leading Law Firms in Saudi Arabia? What distinguishes AlGhazzawi & Partners as a leading law firm in Saudi Arabia? AlGhazzawi & Partners stands out due to its five decades of experience in Saudi Arabia and the region. With its deep-rooted local expertise and robust team of over 50 legal professionals, multilingual capabilities, and commitment to delivering legal services that meet international standards, AlGhazzawi & Partners has a proven track record advising on landmark transactions for both local and multinational clients, including several Fortune 500 companies. In addition to its consistent recognition from leading legal directories such as Chambers & Partners and Legal 500, Legal Era, it is a renowned name in the Middle East. What areas of practice law does AlGhazzawi & Partners specialize in? With Offices across Dammam, Jeddah & Riyadh, AlGhazzawi & Partners is recognized for its full-service capabilities, with particular strengths in corporate and business law, Dispute Resolution, Real Estate, Banking & Finance, Bankruptcy & Insolvency, Business Investment, Business Stru... --- ## Expertise URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/our-expertise/ Type: page Modified: 2026-04-20 Words: 378 > Leading Saudi law firm Al-Ghazzawi & Partners provides legal expertise in corporate, banking, and business investment sectors to support your growth 2025. Legal Expertise Our Experience Is Your Competitive Advantage Home > Expertise Our Expertise Legal Solutions For Complex Business Challenges AlGhazzawi & Partners is the law firm of choice for the Kingdom’s most dynamic businesses and multinational corporations operating in the Region, including several Fortune 500 companies. With the rapid pace of economic reforms and growth in business investment, our firm remains the first port of call for advice on doing business in Saudi Arabia. We invite you to contact us for a free consultation to discuss your legal needs. Contact Us Today Banking & Finance Banking & Finance Learn More Bankruptcy & Insolvency Bankruptcy & Insolvency Learn More Business Investment Business Investment Learn More Business Structuring Business Structuring Learn More Capital Markets Capital Markets Learn More Competition & Anti-Trust Competition & Anti-Trust Learn More Contracts Contracts Learn More Dispute Resolution Dispute Resolution Learn More Employment Employment Learn More Environmental Environmental Learn More Insurance Insurance Learn More Intellectual Property Intellectual Property Learn More Litigation Litigation Learn More Mergers & Acquisitions Mergers & Acquisitions Learn More Public Projects & PPP Public Projects & PPP Learn More Real Estate & Construction Real Estate & Construction Learn More Tax Tax Learn More Looking to Establish a Business in Saudi Arabia? It’s an exciting time to start a new business in the Kingdom. Whether you’re a Saudi national with entrepreneurial ambitions or a foreign company assessing the market, we can help. I'm a Saudi Entrepeneur I'm a Foreign Company Are You Ready? Let's Work Together Let us help you conduct business with confidence. Contact our legal team today for immediate assistance. Contact Us Offices Across The Region Dammam Office AlGhazzawi Business Tower, 8th Floor Prince Muhammad Street P.O. Box 381, Dammam 31411 T: +966 13 8331611 F: +966 13 8331981 View Map Jeddah Office Millennium Center (2nd Floor) Al Andalus District, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz St. P.O.Box 3741, Jeddah 23326 T: +966 12 6531576 F: +966 12 6532612 View Map Riyadh Office King Faisal Foundation, North Tower, 4th Floor King Fahd Road P.O. Box 9029, Riyadh 11413 T: +966 11 4632374 F: +966 11 4627566 View Map Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE Subscribe and Stay Updated on the Kingdom's Laws and Regulations Email SUBSCRIBE --- ## Home URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/ Type: page Modified: 2026-07-26 Words: 1577 > We are a Leading Corporate Law Firm in Saudi Arabia providing legal services for Local and Foreign Companies with lawyers and offices in Jeddah, Riyadh, Dammam, and Cairo. Conduct Business With Confidence Partner with attorneys and legal Consultants with over 50 years of experience in the Kingdom. Learn More About Us A COMMITMENT TO THE FUTURE ALGHAZZAWI & PARTNERS Our firm name has changed from AlGhazzawi Professional Association to AlGhazzawi & Partners Learn more Dispute Resolution Dispute Resolution Learn More The Legal Pulse The Legal Pulse A snapshot update by AlGhazzawi & Partners Learn More We Are Saudi Arabia’s Leading Corporate Law Firm for Local and Foreign Businesses Since 1969, AlGhazzawi & Partners has consistently been at the forefront of developments in corporate and business law in Saudi Arabia and the Region. As a full-service Saudi business and corporate law firm, we have advised on landmark projects and helped shape new laws while advancing the legal profession itself. With over 40 lawyers and offices in Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, we provide clients with unrivaled access to local and global legal expertise so they may conduct business with confidence. History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. A Heritage Of High Standards History Of Success We are proud of the pivotal role our firm has played in some of the Kingdom’s most prolific nation-building projects. Our robust advocacy for client interests, proven over five decades, established our reputation as a powerful partner for local and global organizations looking to successfully conduct business in the Kingdom. Prompt Response We understand the urgency required to successfully complete transactions, meet deadline, seize business opportunities, and launch an active defense. Our team is highly sensitive to our clients’ needs and we take pride in our client-centric approach and drive to achieve results. Deep Local Expertise The Saudi legal system is unique in many ways. Our lawyers respect and understand the cultural nuances of doing business in the Kingdom and provide clients with the right guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving legal, religious, and regulatory regimes. Future Focused With the Kingdom’s “Vision 2030” underway, recent economic reforms and massive investments intended to diversify the economy have driven rapid changes in the legal and regulatory environment across all sectors of the economy. Our legal team remains at the forefront of these changes and promptly apply them to our clients’ advantage. Discover AlGhazzawi & Partners About Us Our Team Our Expertise Our renowned reputation and proven regional and international credentials were developed over five decades of practice. AlGhazzawi & Partners was established in 1969 by Dr. Talal Amin Al-Ghazzawi, who remains our current Chairman. Subsequently, his sons, Dr. Belal Al-Ghazzawi and Mr. Hussam Al-Ghazzawi joined as partners and grew the firm to regional and international recognition as a highly-respected and leading business law firm with office across the Kingdom. Learn More About Us Our legal team is the first port of call for advice on doing business in Saudi Arabia. With over 40 attorneys practicing across the Kingdom, our firm enjoys an enviable reputation for commitment to providing quality legal advice and delivering legal services that meet international standards and benchmarks. Our legal team has handled some of the most complicated and complex legal matters in the Region across multiple sectors including M & A, Project Finance, Technology, Investments, Banking, Construction, Energy, and Real Estate. Meet Our Team Extensive and proven expertise in every area of business law. We work closely with our clients to create strategies for business success, and we protect their interests with the Kingdom’s most renowned dispute resolution and litigation practice. Our large business law firm can draw on the specialized expertise of lawyers i... --- ## Compliance Steps For Online Businesses URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/compliance-steps-for-online-businesses/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 705 > As the digital economy expands, Saudi e-commerce compliance has become an important aspect of running an online business. Navigating the landscape of online business regulations in Saudi Arabia is essential... As the digital economy expands, Saudi e-commerce compliance has become an important aspect of running an online business. Navigating the landscape of online business regulations in Saudi Arabia is essential not only to avoid legal risks but also to build consumer trust and ensure long lasting success. This guide outlines key compliance areas for online businesses, focusing on the Saudi Arabian e-commerce Law and regulatory requirements. Understanding the Legal Frameworks Before launching an online business, it is vital to understand Saudi business legal requirements which govern e-commerce operations. Businesses must comply with a combination of domestic laws and international regulations. E-Commerce Law:The Saudi Arabian e-commerce law governs online transactions, ensuring fair practices for consumers and businesses alike. Key aspects include consumer protection, transaction transparency, and clear terms of service. International Regulations: For businesses targeting global markets, compliance with international standards like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is critical. This regulation applies to any business dealing involving personal data of EU residents in any manner. Regulatory Bodies: Key authorities overseeing online businesses in Saudi Arabia include: – Ministry of Commerce Responsible for consumer protection and commercial compliance. – Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC): Regulates e-commerce practices and digital infrastructure. Data Protection and Privacy Data privacy and security are paramount for online businesses. The Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) in Saudi Arabia mandates stringent guidelines to protect personal data. Key Provisions of PDPL: Obtain explicit consent from users before collecting personal data. Limit data collection to necessary purposes only. Implement robust measures to prevent data breaches. Best Practices: Follow online payment security regulations such as using encrypted payment systems and secure databases. Regularly audit data management systems. Provide transparent and accessible privacy policies to users. Tax and Financial Compliance Understanding the tax obligations for e-commerce businesses in KSA is critical for financial compliance. VAT Compliance: Saudi Arabia imposes a 15% Value Added Tax (VAT) on online transactions. Businesses must ensure accurate charging of VAT and reporting the same within the required period. Zakat Obligations: Zakat is an Islamic tax that businesses must calculate and pay annually. Compliance with Zakat regulations is monitored by the General Authority of Zakat, Tax, and Customs (ZATCA). International Tax Considerations: Cross-border transactions require careful navigation of international tax treaties to avoid double taxation and ensure proper reporting. Consumer Protection and Transparency Building trust with consumers is fundamental to the success of any online business. Making sure your business complies with online consumer rights in Saudi Arabia helps build trust and credibility with your client base Consumer Protection: The Guide to Consumer Rights and Responsibilities issued by the Ministry of Commerce, which is updated regularly, protects buyers by mandating businesses to stipulate clear terms and conditions, refund policies, and the reliable delivery of promised goods or services. Transparency in Transactions : – Clearly display prices, shipping fees, and return policies. – Provide detailed description of products or services to avoid misunderstanding and confusion. Intellectual Property and Licensing Protecting intellectual property (IP) is essential for securing a business’s products, services, and brand identity. IP Protection in Saudi Arabia: Register trademarks, copyrights, and patents with the Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property (SAIP) as well as local domain names with the registrar approved by Saudi Network Information Center Licensing Requirements: Online businesses in Saudi Arabia need a trade license to operate legally in the online marketplace. Adapting to Modern Work Models With the rise of remote work, businesses must consider compliance with Saudi Arabian internet laws and digital business regulations related to employment and taxation. Remote Work Compliance – Ensure employment contracts align with Saudi labor laws, including provisions for remote workers. – Address tax and social insurance obligations for both local and international employees. Digital Infrastructure for Remote Teams: Implement secure collaboration tools to maintain data security and ensure effective communication within remote teams. Accessibility and Inclusivity Creating accessible and inclusive online platforms not only works in the business’s favor as a good practice but also often comes as a legal requirement. Digital Accessibility Standards: Adhere to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) to make websites usable for people with disabilities. Inclusivity in Digital Platforms: Incorp... --- ## Legal 500: Country Comparative Guides 2025 URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/legal-500-country-comparative-guides-2025/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 216 > Saudi Arabia’s new investment law, effective February 6, 2025, marks a significant milestone in the kingdom’s efforts to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The law streamlines the investment process across... Saudi Arabia’s new investment law, effective February 6, 2025, marks a significant milestone in the kingdom’s efforts to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The law streamlines the investment process across various sectors, including trade, industry, agriculture, mining, real estate, and services. By simplifying the procedures for establishing companies, increasing capital, and acquiring existing entities, it opens new avenues for global investors looking to tap into one of the fastest-growing economies in the region. With Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 driving reform and growth, the new investment law is part of a broader effort to create a business-friendly environment that fosters innovation and international collaboration. Whether you’re considering establishing a greenfield project, engaging in mergers and acquisitions (M&A), or exploring IPO options, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to make informed decisions and navigate the evolving market. Explore the full insights and learn more by navigating the A/Q guide here or download the chapter pdf file. For over 40 years, AlGhazzawi & Partners has been at the forefront of guiding investments in Saudi Arabia. Our contribution with the Legal500 Country Comparative Guides “Saudi Arabia: Investing In” offers comprehensive legal support, from compliance to execution. Contact us to ensure your investment in Saudi Arabia is seamless and successful. --- ## Cybersecurity in Saudi Arabia: Legal Perspective URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/cybersecurity-in-saudi-arabia-legal-perspective/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1644 > Introduction Saudi Arabia’s commitment to cybersecurity is integral to its Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to diversify the economy and develop public service sectors. The Kingdom has established significant legal... Introduction Saudi Arabia’s commitment to cybersecurity is integral to its Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to diversify the economy and develop public service sectors. The Kingdom has established significant legal and regulatory measures to protect its cyberspace from threats and ensure the security of its digital transformation. Regulatory Authorities National Cybersecurity Authority Saudi Arabia (NCA) Established in 2017, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) is the central authority responsible for cybersecurity related issues in Saudi Arabia. Directly linked to the Royal Court, the NCA’s mandate includes developing policies, frameworks, and standards to enhance the Kingdom’s cybersecurity posture. Data Protection Authority (DPA) The DPA is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Saudi Data Protection Law. It has the power to investigate data breaches, impose fines on organizations that violate the law, and issue guidance on data protection best practices. Key Cybersecurity Legislation Anti-Cybercrime Law Promulgated under Royal Decree No. M/17 in 2007, the Anti-Cybercrime Law aims to combat cyber offenses by defining various cybercrimes and prescribing corresponding penalties and punishments. Offenses under this law include unauthorized access to computer systems, data breaches, cyber fraud, and the creation or dissemination of materials that threaten public order or religious values. Penalties range from fines to imprisonment, depending on the severity of the offense. Cybersecurity Law (Royal Decree No. M/33 dated 2020): This comprehensive law establishes the Saudi Arabia cybersecurity legal frameworks and regulations. It outlines the responsibilities of government entities, private sector organizations, and individuals in protecting critical infrastructure, national security, and personal data. The law mandates the implementation of robust cybersecurity measures, such as: Conducting regular risk assessments to identify and mitigate cybersecurity risks. Developing and implementing incident response plans to effectively respond to and recover from cyberattacks. Implementing appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal data. Cooperating with the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) in cybersecurity investigations and incident response. Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) Introduced as part of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to align with global data protection standards, the PDPL regulates the collection, processing, usage, storage and transfer of personal data. It grants individuals proprietary rights over their data and imposes obligations on organizations to ensure data privacy and security. Non-compliance can result in substantial fines and other penalties. Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC) The NCA has issued the Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC) to establish minimum cybersecurity requirements for organizations operating in the Kingdom. The ECC framework comprises five main domains, 29 sub-domains, and 114 cybersecurity controls, covering aspects such as governance, risk management, and incident response. Compliance with ECC is mandatory for government entities and critical national infrastructure operators. Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) Introduced as part of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to align with global data protection standards, the PDPL regulates the collection, processing, usage, storage and transfer of personal data. It grants individuals proprietary rights over their data and imposes obligations on organizations to ensure data privacy and security. Non-compliance can result in substantial fines and other penalties. Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC) The NCA has issued the Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC) to establish minimum cybersecurity requirements for organizations operating in the Kingdom. The ECC framework comprises five main domains, 29 sub-domains, and 114 cybersecurity controls, covering aspects such as governance, risk management, and incident response. Compliance with ECC is mandatory for government entities and critical national infrastructure operators. Regulatory Frameworks for Specific Sectors Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Postal Sectors The Communications, Space & Technology Commission (CSTC) has developed a Cybersecurity Regulatory Framework (CRF) tailored for service providers in the ICT and postal sectors. This framework outlines cybersecurity requirements to enhance the overall security maturity of these sectors, including guidelines for incident reporting, risk management, and compliance assessments. Operational Technology (OT) Security Recognizing the convergence of IT and OT systems, Saudi Arabia has issued specific regulations to address cybersecurity in industrial control systems. These regulations mandate organizations to implement security measures that protect OT environments from cyber threats, ensuring the safety and reliability of critical infrastructure. Cloud Computing Regulator... --- ## The Key Difference Between LegalTech and LawTech in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/the-key-difference-between-legaltech-and-lawtech-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1018 > The world has witnessed remarkable development in recent years thanks to the emergence of technology-based solutions designed to improve efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. This transformation has led to the coining... The world has witnessed remarkable development in recent years thanks to the emergence of technology-based solutions designed to improve efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. This transformation has led to the coining of two key terms in the industry: LegalTech vs LawTech. While they may seem the same, they have major differences and serve different purposes. Understanding these differences is essential for law firms, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where legal reforms and digital transformation in Saudi legal industry initiatives under Vision 2030 drive innovation. LegalTech: Tools for Legal Professionals LegalTech refers to technology solutions specifically designed to assist legal professionals and provide digital tools for lawyers, paralegals, and administrators. These tools encompass a wide range of software and platforms tailored to automate, streamline, and optimize routine operational tasks. LegalTech solutions are crucial for managing the increased complexity of legal cases, ensuring compliance with evolving regulations, and maintaining high standards of accuracy and efficiency. These tech solutions for legal firms enable legal professionals to handle large volumes of data, collaborate seamlessly across teams, and access critical information in real time. By leveraging LegalTech, law firms can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and improve service delivery. Examples of LegalTech in Practice Case Management Software: Tools that help manage client cases, track deadlines, organize documents, schedule, and bill. Document Automation: Platforms that automate the creation of legal documents and contracts quickly. Litigation Analytics: Tools that provide data-driven insights into case outcomes, helping lawyers develop more effective strategies. Regulatory Compliance: Solutions that assist firms in complying with the changes in the regulatory framework, ensuring that issues are handled within updated legal parameters. LawTech: Solutions for End Users LawTech, on the other hand, focuses on providing accessible, affordable, and user-friendly LawTech solutions compliant with Saudi regulations to the general public, including individuals and businesses. These tools are designed to simplify interactions with the legal system, breaking down traditional barriers such as cost, complexity, and limited access to legal expertise. LawTech emphasizes convenience and empowerment by offering self-service options and technology-driven support. Its primary goal is to address legal issues without always requiring direct involvement from a lawyer, thus making the legal system more inclusive and efficient. Examples of LawTech in Practice Online Legal Advice Platforms: Websites and applications that provide generic legal advice and provide updated legal information without the need for specific legal consultation. Do-it-yourself (DIY) Legal Tools: Apps that guide users through processes like forming a business or drafting agreements, offering a low-cost alternative to appointing a lawyer. Legal Chatbots: AI-powered bots that can answer legal questions, guide users through legal processes, and generate legal documents. Digital Marketplaces for Legal Services: Platforms that connect clients with legal professionals whom they can appoint based on reviews, expertise, and pricing. Self-Help Legal Resources: Tools and templates that educate individuals on their rights under the country’s updated law and provisions and enable them to handle simple legal matters on their own. The Future of Law Technologies and Innovation in Saudi Arabia As Saudi Arabia stands at the forefront of technological transformation, under Vision 2030 by ongoing innovation and the government’s commitment to digitization across all sectors, the future of legal and law technologies looks promising. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia represented by the Ministry of Justice is making significant progress in digitalizing its legal sector, positioning itself as a leader in the region for legal technology (LawTech) adoption. This digital transformation is fundamentally reshaping the delivery of legal services, enhancing access to justice, and streamlining the legal process. The Ministry’s ongoing efforts are not only fostering innovation but also ensuring that Saudi Arabia’s legal framework keeps pace with global trends. One of the key elements of this transformation is the development of an online platform that enables citizens and businesses to access legal services without the need for in-person meetings and which has become a well-known and most often used platform, called Najiz. Najiz is an electronic services portal of the Ministry of Justice that covers all ranges of legal services for individuals, corporations, governments, and legal professionals and enables them to issue powers of attorney, file, review and verify cases, attend hearings, request issuance of certificates and documents and the list is endless. Undoubtedly, the legal sector in Saudi Arabia is bri... --- ## The New Saudi Emergency Law : Understanding the Changes URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/the-new-saudi-emergency-law-understanding-the-changes/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1236 > Like many countries, Saudi Arabia has issued a separate emergency law to address and manage unforeseen crises. This new law aims to handle contemporary challenges, enhance national security, and streamline... Like many countries, Saudi Arabia has issued a separate emergency law to address and manage unforeseen crises. This new law aims to handle contemporary challenges, enhance national security, and streamline emergency response protocols. In this article, we will explore the key provisions, implications, and the broader Saudi Emergency Law impact. Earlier Regulatory Regime Before examining the new law, it’s crucial to understand the context of emergency related issues in Saudi Arabia; Emergency regulatory systems have been invoked at different times to address specific crises, such as natural disasters or public health emergencies. These diverse and separate directives often granted authorities special powers to take swift and decisive action to protect public safety and order related to particular events. However, with evolving threats and new technologies, it became evident that a more robust and comprehensive legal framework was necessary. Recent global events, including pandemics, cyber-attacks, and geopolitical tensions, underscored the need for a modernized emergency law that could effectively respond to these challenges. Key Provisions in the New Saudi Emergency Law 2024 The New Saudi Emergency Law introduces several critical provisions that mark a departure from the old framework: Expanded Scope of Emergencies: The definition of “emergency” has been broadened to encompass a wider range of situations, including cyberattacks, pandemics, biological warfare, economic crises, and environmental disasters. This expanded scope reflects the evolving nature of global threats and challenges. By addressing these modern threats, the law ensures that Saudi Arabia is better equipped to handle diverse emergencies efficiently and in a streamlined manner to protect the interests of all affected parties. Enhanced Saudi Arabia Emergency Powers: The new law grants the enforcement authorities’ broader powers during emergencies, including the ability to enforce curfews, restrict movement, control the flow of information and communication, implement price controls and rationing, commandeer private resources for public use, and suspend the force of certain laws and regulations. These enhanced powers enable swift and decisive action to protect public safety and order, ensuring that the government can respond effectively to various emergencies. This includes measures such as securing critical infrastructure, maintaining public order, and ensuring the availability of essential goods and services. Stricter Regulations on Emergency Declarations: The law imposes stricter Saudi Emergency Law compliance guidelines on the declaration of a state of emergency, requiring clear criteria and procedures to be followed to ensure that emergency powers are used judiciously and only when necessary. The power and authority to declare emergency rests with the King only and declaration of emergency will require issuance of a Royal Decree. This ensures that the declaration of an emergency is based on objective and transparent criteria, preventing the misuse of emergency powers and maintaining public trust in the government’s actions. The Law restricts publication of any information related to emergency event that is marked as ‘confidential’. Increased Accountability and Oversight: The law establishes a robust oversight mechanism to monitor the exercise of emergency powers, with independent bodies tasked with reviewing government actions and ensuring compliance. Additionally, the law promotes transparency by mandating public disclosure of information related to emergency measures. Furthermore, it establishes clear coordination mechanisms between government agencies and local authorities, ensuring a unified and efficient response to emergencies. This includes the formation of oversight committees, regular audits of emergency measures, and the publication of detailed reports on the implementation and impact of emergency actions. Impact on Contracts and Agreements: The Law requires the agencies tasked with preparing rules and directives enforceable during the emergency period to address and resolve issues impacting continuation of rights and obligations under contracts. Impact of Saudi Emergency Law on Businesses and Individuals The New Saudi Emergency Law has significant implications for businesses and individuals operating in Saudi Arabia. Key considerations include: Business Continuity Planning: Businesses should develop comprehensive emergency response plans to mitigate the impact of potential disruptions. These plans should address issues such as supply chain disruptions, workforce shortages, and cybersecurity threats. By preparing for emergencies, businesses can ensure the continuity of their operations and minimize the impact of crises on their activities and employees. This involves conducting risk assessments, establishing contingency plans, and training employees on emergency procedures. Compliance with Emergency Regulations: Businesses must s... --- ## Codification of Laws in Saudi Arabia : A New Chapter of Legal Reform URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/codification-of-laws-in-saudi-arabia-a-new-chapter-of-legal-reform/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1361 > Saudi Arabia has embarked on a transformative phase in its legal landscape and one of the aspects of this is phase is the drive for codification of laws. This monumental... Saudi Arabia has embarked on a transformative phase in its legal landscape and one of the aspects of this is phase is the drive for codification of laws. This monumental step is part of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, which aims to modernize its legal system, enhance judicial transparency, and attract foreign investments. The codification proces’s first steps in the codification process of Saudi Arabia’s laws involve creating comprehensive written statutes that provide clear and accessible legal guidelines for various aspects of governance, commerce, and day to day affairs. Historical Context Historically, Saudi Arabia has relied on Islamic law, or Sharia, as the primary source of legislation. While Sharia remains the foundation of the Kingdom’s legal system, the codification of laws introduces more structured and specific statutes that address contemporary legal and economic needs. This initiative marks a shift towards a more standardized legal framework, providing greater clarity and predictability for both domestic and international stakeholders. Key Areas of Codification New Companies Law: The New Companies Law, that became effective in January 2023, mandates all companies to amend their Articles of Association (AoA) or Memorandum of Association (MoA) by January 2025. This law enhances flexibility in corporate structures while maintaining safeguards for all stakeholders. It aims to streamline corporate governance and operations, ensuring that businesses comply with the updated legal requirements and best practices. The Saudi Business Centre facilitates these processes, offering unified services to ensure compliance. Civil Transactions Law: The codification of civil transactions law aims to regulate contracts, property rights, and obligations. This law provides a clear framework for civil and personal transactions, enhancing legal certainty and protecting the rights of all parties involved. The Civil Transactions Law aligns with international commercial standards, facilitating smoother domestic and international business operations. Personal Status Law: The Personal Status Law codifies regulations concerning family matters, including marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance. The Personal Status Law aims to protect the rights of individuals and families, ensuring fair and consistent application of legal principles. By codifying these aspects, Saudi Arabia seeks to provide a clear legal structure that upholds the dignity and rights of individuals while respecting cultural and religious values. Criminal Law: The codification of criminal law introduces clear definitions of criminal offenses and penalties. This reform enhances the consistency and transparency of the judicial process, ensuring that justice is administered fairly and effectively and in a uniform manner. With explicit statutes in place, the legal system can more effectively deter criminal behavior and ensure appropriate penalties are applied. Amendments to Employment Law : Introduced as part of the Vision 2030 reforms, these amendments aim to protect workers’ rights and enhance labor market efficiency. Key provisions include: Worker Protections: Enhanced regulations to protect workers from arbitrary dismissal, ability to change employers and ensure timely payment of wages. Saudization: Initiatives to increase the employment of Saudi nationals in the private sector. Workplace Safety: Stringent safety standards to ensure a safe working environment for all employees. Dispute Resolution: Streamlined processes for resolving employment disputes to ensure fair and timely outcomes. Modifications to 38 articles, removal of 7 articles, and the addition of 2 new articles. Expanded chapters on leave and contracts, including definitions for “resignation” and “outsourcing,” and procedures for resignation. Revised worker grievance processes and penalties for unlicensed worker recruitment activities. Employers required to establish training and qualification policies to enhance worker skills and performance. Significant changes to the maritime labor chapter. New Personal Data Protection Law: The New Personal Data Protection Law aims to safeguard personal data and enhance privacy rights. Key aspects include: Data Protection: Stricter standards for data privacy and protection, ensuring that personal data is collected, processed, and stored securely. Data Subject Rights: Enhanced rights for individuals to access, correct, and delete their personal data. Data Breach Notification: Requirements for organizations to report data breaches promptly and take appropriate measures to mitigate risks. Cross-Border Data Transfers: Regulations governing the transfer of personal data outside the Kingdom to ensure compliance with international data protection standards 7. Real Estate Transaction Tax Law :The Real Estate Transaction Tax (RETT) law introduces a 5% tax on the sale or transfer of real property. This tax is calculated based on the total value of the agreed transac... --- ## Saudi Arabia’s New Standards and Quality Law and Product Safety Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabias-new-standards-and-quality-law-and-product-safety-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 929 > The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has recently introduced significant legislative reforms aimed at enhancing product safety and quality standards. On July 30, 2024, the Council of Ministers approved two... The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has recently introduced significant legislative reforms aimed at enhancing product safety and quality standards. On July 30, 2024, the Council of Ministers approved two pivotal laws: the Product Safety Law and the Standards and Quality Law. These laws represent a significant step forward in the country’s efforts to ensure product safety and quality, protect consumer rights, and foster a robust regulatory framework. The scope of both laws extends to the sale of all products including those sold through online channels. A Unified System for Product Safety and Quality Standards The primary objective of these laws is to establish a comprehensive and unified system for regulating product safety and quality standards. They apply to a wide range of products, including those sold online, with certain exceptions for items regulated by specialized authorities such as the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA). Key Regulator : Saudi Standards, Metrology, and Quality Organization (SASO): SASO, as the primary regulatory authority, plays a pivotal role in implementing and enforcing these new laws. It is tasked with developing national strategies, reviewing standards, and ensuring compliance. Pursuant to the new laws, SASO will establish a dedicated Product Safety and Control Committee to coordinate efforts, develop policies, and propose new regulations and standards. Furthermore, SASO will appoint inspectors who are empowered to monitor and enforce compliance with the laws and their associated regulations. To ensure that intellectual property rights are protected, SASO will collaborate with the Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property (SAIP) to enforce the laws from the relevant IP law perspectives. Quality Law : Standards and Provisions The Standards and Quality Law aims to ensure product quality and safety by establishing a robust framework of standards and guidelines. The law mandates adherence to quality standards, promotes non-discrimination between local and imported products, and fosters effective coordination and transparency among regulatory authorities. Key provisions of the law include: Guiding Principles for Standardization: The law emphasizes the importance of involving relevant stakeholders in the development, adoption, and approval of standards. It prioritizes transparency in these processes and aligns KSA standards with international and regional benchmarks. Public Access and Transparency: The law mandates that standards and relevant documents be made accessible to the public, promoting transparency and accountability. Sustainable Development and Trade Facilitation: The law supports sustainable development by encouraging resource and energy efficiency, as well as sustainable production and consumption patterns. It also facilitates trade by removing unnecessary technical barriers and improving the quality of products and services. Compliance and Enforcement: Non-compliance with the law can result in various penalties, including warnings, fines, or other sanctions as specified in the regulations. Violations related to the use of quality marks issued by SASO may lead to suspension or cancellation of certificates and fines. In view of obligations under the law, the importers, traders, and merchants will carry the responsibility to ensure the sale of goods that conform to the set standards. Consequently, they will have to oblige principals, suppliers, and exporters to provide them with goods as per SASO standards. Safety Law : Standards and Provisions The Product Safety Law is designed to protect consumer safety by regulating market products and preventing the sale and use of unsafe items. The law imposes obligations on market participants, including manufacturers, authorized representatives, importers, and distributors. These entities are required to ensure product safety, conduct risk assessments, and provide necessary information to consumers. Key provisions of the law include: Responsibilities of Market Stakeholders: Market participants are responsible for ensuring product safety, compliance with technical regulations, and conducting risk assessments. They must also provide clear and accurate information to consumers. Mandatory Conformity Assessment: Products must undergo conformity assessments to verify compliance with technical regulations and safety standards before being placed on the market. Conformity assessment bodies must adhere to the law and maintain professional confidentiality. Penalties and legal Accountability: Non-compliance with the law can result in severe penalties, including fines, imprisonment, and closure of establishments. Manufacturers may be held liable for damages caused by defective products. Emphasis on Transparency and Coordination: The law emphasizes transparency and coordination among stakeholders to ensure effective implementation and enforcement. It will be incumbent on traders, retailers, and merchants to ensure that all products sold by the... --- ## AlGhazzawi & Partners Honored with Two Prestigious Awards at Legal Era Middle East Awards 2024 URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/alghazzawi-partners-honored-with-two-prestigious-awards-at-legal-era-middle-east-awards-2024/ Type: post Modified: 2025-04-30 Words: 315 > The Fifth Annual Legal Era Middle East Law Awards 2024 was held on 14 November at the Taj Exotica Resort & Spa, The Palm, Dubai. The grand event celebrated legal excellence across the Middle... The Fifth Annual Legal Era Middle East Law Awards 2024 was held on 14 November at the Taj Exotica Resort & Spa, The Palm, Dubai. The grand event celebrated legal excellence across the Middle East, recognizing law firms, in-house legal teams, and individual lawyers for their outstanding achievements and contributions. Attendees from across the region and beyond gathered to honor the industry leaders, forge connections, and exchange best practices, all within the vibrant legal landscape of the Middle East. AlGhazzawi & Partners was proud recipient of two prestigious awards. The recognition by the jury emphasizes the firm’s commitment to excellence and innovation in the legal profession. 1. Law Firm of the Year (KSA) This award reflects AlGhazzawi & Partners’ legacy of delivering exceptional legal services in Saudi Arabia for over five decades. Dr. Belal T. AlGhazzawi, senior managing partner of the firm accepted the honor on behalf of the firm, alongside Managing Partners Hussam T. AlGhazzawi and Wissam Chbeir, and Senior Associate Haval Kittani. Dr. Belal dedicated the award to the firm’s clients for their trust and to the dedicated team whose passion and hard work drive the firm’s success. 2. Managing Partner of the Year (KSA) The firm’s Managing Partner, Hussam T. AlGhazzawi, got the honor and recognition for his visionary leadership and innovative contributions to the legal industry, setting new standards of excellence and inspiring the entire team. These accolades are a testament to AlGhazzawi & Partners’ ability to adapt to clients’ evolving needs while maintaining a focus on innovation, teamwork, and outstanding services. AlGhazzawi & Partners remains committed to raising the bar for legal services and continuing its legacy of excellence in the region. We extend our deepest gratitude to our valued clients and the esteemed Legal Era jury for this recognition. To join us in celebrating these achievements, please explore the event’s photos and videos. --- ## Commercial Register Law and Tradenames Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/commercial-register-law-and-tradenames-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1097 > Introduction: On 17 September 2024, the Saudi Arabian Cabinet approved issuance of two laws, namely the Commercial Register Law and Tradenames Law, to replace both the existing laws (after 180... Introduction: On 17 September 2024, the Saudi Arabian Cabinet approved issuance of two laws, namely the Commercial Register Law and Tradenames Law, to replace both the existing laws (after 180 days from the date of publication in the official gazette – expected to published in 1-2 weeks’ time). The revised Laws will further bolster the business and investment environment in Saudi Arabia. The core objective for the amendments and changes to the existing regulatory framework is the simplification of the tradenames registration and obtaining commercial registration processes. The new laws will enable businesses to operate in line with the best international practices while protecting the interests of local and international stakeholders. Commercial Register Law: Unlike the current provision wherein the Ministry of Commerce maintains separate commercial registers for each city, the new Law provides one commercial register within the Ministry covering the entire Kingdom. Hence, the businesses will no more be required to obtain separate commercial registrations (CRs) for each branch or store that are operational in one city or in different cities. The Law provides a grace period of (5) years for businesses to cancel the CRs of branches and transfer the assets and businesses associated with them to the main CR or simply cancel the CRs and close the business linked with those CRs. As is the current situation, a merchant or a company will be required to obtain a commercial registration before commencing any business activity by providing (a) name, ID and address (b) trade name (c) form of the entity (d) amount of capital and other information which will be stipulated in the Executive Regulations and with a few exceptions, all such applications will have to be lodged through the Ministry’s electronic / digital platform. The Law requires that any change in the particulars or information be notified to the Ministry within (15) days from the date of the change and that failure to do so will result in the cancellation of the CR. The current law requires that the changes be notified within a (30) day period. The new Law will enable businesses to carry out different activities through one CR without any condition of similarity in activities. As is presently, the businesses shall be required to add the name of the registered entity and the CR number in Arabic on their letterheads. Notably, the Companies Law requires the limited liability companies, joint stock companies, and simplified joint stock companies to add the form and the amount of capital too on letterheads, contracts and similar documents. The CR will not have any expiration date nor require specific renewal upon expiration as is the case now. However, the entities will have to annually provide confirmation on particulars and information contained in the CR, and failure to comply will result in the CR’s suspension for a period of (3) months. If the process of confirmation is not completed within one year from the date of suspension, the Ministry may cancel the CR after providing a notice of (15) days. The company or merchant may request for reinstating the CR any time within a period of (5) years from the date of cancellation and the Ministry will consider the request and reinstate the CR subject to the entity paying all of the due fee and fines. The Law provides for a fine not exceeding a sum of SR.500,000.00 for providing incorrect information while requesting to add the entity in the commercial register, while providing amendments or annual confirmation, for not providing annual confirmation or not notifying changes within the specified period, or for not mentioning the required information on letterheads and other publications Tradenames Law: The new Law will enable business to adopt any tradename comprised of words in Arabic or other languages as well as a tradename comprised of letters or numerals, if the name is appropriate and is not misleading or does not violate norms, customs, or public policy. The existing law allows tradenames comprised of foreign language words as an exception to entities that are registered in foreign jurisdictions or if they are famous names. The list of prohibition includes words or names that are internationally renowned; words or phrases reflecting political, military, or religious denotations; words that are similar to names of regional or international organizations or words that are similar to trademarks that are registered or famous in Saudi Arabia. Notably, what could be referred to as a unique feature, the Tradenames Law will enable businesses to dispose of, assign, or transfer tradenames separately without transferring the business or vice versa. In such cases, the entity assigning or transferring the tradename will have to obtain another tradename for the business that it would retain and would like to continue operating. Similarly, if an entity disposes of its business without the tradename will be entitled to use it b... --- ## NEW INVESTMENT LAW URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/new-investment-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-01 Words: 750 > Introduction The Investment Law issued under Royal Decree No: M/19 dated 16.01.1446 H. will become effective on 7.8.1446 H. (6 February 2025). Unlike the old “Foreign Investment Law,” the new... Introduction The Investment Law issued under Royal Decree No: M/19 dated 16.01.1446 H. will become effective on 7.8.1446 H. (6 February 2025). Unlike the old “Foreign Investment Law,” the new “Investment Law” covers investments by both local and foreign investors including government-owned companies. The Investment Law exercise involved an exhaustive review of the investment regimes of six countries (USA, Germany, Turkey, Indonesia, UAE, and Singapore) to understand the challenges faced by those countries and how they tackled the issues to create a conducive investment environment. The Investment Law and the clarification document prepared by the Ministry of Investment restate the Kingdom’s objective to enhance the competitiveness of the investment environment to increase the pace of economic development and creation of job opportunities. The Law specifically guarantees the protection of investors’ rights, fairness, and equal treatment to both local and foreign investors and provides for transparency and fair process for investors. The Ministry of Investment expects that the new simplified investment regime and assurance of transparency, equality, fairness and liberty to opt for alternate means of dispute resolution would enhance the confidence of foreign investors. Key Features One of the key features of the Investment Law is streamlining the entire process of setting up businesses by investors. The clarification document reiterates the easing of regulatory restrictions for investors and one of the means of achieving this objective is doing away with the existing licensing requirements for foreign investors and replacing them with a simplified registration process. The Ministry of Investment will receive applications from investors and obtain the required approvals for engaging in different activities by coordinating with the competent authorities. In short, the Law enabled a single window mechanism to obtain all licenses and permits for engaging in commercial, industrial, or service activities. The new law will allow investors to invest in any sector and engage in any activity that is available for investment in Saudi Arabia regardless of whether they are local investors or foreign investors. Unlike the current regime wherein foreign investment is restricted in activities that fall in the ‘Excluded or Negative List,’ the foreign investors will be able to carry out activities included in the ‘Excluded List’ subject to obtaining specific approval by the competent authority through the Ministry of Investment. The list of ‘Excluded Activities’ will be re-evaluated and updated by competent authorities. The Law also provides suspension of foreign investment in any activity if the national security mandates such suspension and such decision will be based on objectivity and bearing in mind the Kingdom’s obligations under international agreements. Besides the incentives offered for investments in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), the Law indicates the granting of incentives to investors by the competent authority. The provision for alternate dispute resolution is another feature that will enable investors to agree even with the public agencies to resolve their dispute through arbitration or mediation instead of being subject to the local court’s jurisdiction. Clarity The Law and the clarification document provides detailed definitions of several terms. For instance, capital has been defined to include not just cash and in-kind shares, it includes among other assets, intellectual property rights, and rights and concessions granted to an entity. Notably, the Law underlines investors’ rights over intellectual property and trade secrets. While defining foreign investors, the Law includes ‘natural person.’ Under the existing arrangements, juristic entities and premium residency holders can only invest in Saudi Arabia. Although expropriation for public good or interest was always done against fair compensation, the Law specifically addresses this issue and provides a specific guarantee. Similarly, the transfer of funds earned out of investments or profits or proceeds of liquidation was always allowed. The Law categorically restates that the investors will have the right to repatriate or transfer funds within or outside of Saudi Arabia without any delay. The issuance of Rules of Implementation will provide further guidance on the process of registration, requirements, conditions, and fees for obtaining permits, licenses, and services through the Ministry of Investment. Conclusion The new investment regime is widely expected to further boost foreign direct investments in Saudi Arabia wherein the existing business will expand their activities in other domains including the sectors that either were hitherto closed or required specific criteria, conditions, and requirements. It will also attract new investors from different parts of the globe and catalyze the pace of industrialization as well as increase trade and commerce besi... --- ## Mitigating Cybersecurity Risks in the Post-Pandemic Remote Work Era URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/mitigating-cybersecurity-risks-in-the-post-pandemic-remote-work-era/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-25 Words: 2019 > Introduction The transition to remote work models in the post-pandemic era has significantly increased exposure to cybersecurity threats and data privacy breaches, compelling enterprises to adopt measures to mitigate such... Introduction The transition to remote work models in the post-pandemic era has significantly increased exposure to cybersecurity threats and data privacy breaches, compelling enterprises to adopt measures to mitigate such risks. Mobile working involves accessing work networks from external channels, expanding the range of cyber-attacks, data leakage, data storage, and system operations outside corporate infrastructure. Subsequently, data breaches and infringements can result in severe legal and commercial consequences. This report aims to identify the common cyber threats commercial enterprises encounter and propose systematic solutions to mitigate these risks. Potential Threats to Security Data Breaches Data breaches occur when secure, confidential, or protected information is accessed, disclosed, or stolen without authorization (1). This can happen through various means such as hacking, insider leaking, or the loss of physical devices containing data. The risk of such acts was exposed in 2007 when HSBC bank lost an unencrypted CD containing sensitive data of 370,000 customers, which was sent via regular postal mail but never arrived (2). This resulted in a significant breach of trust, as personal and financial information was exposed(3). The Financial Services Authority (FSA) fined HSBC £3 million in 2009 for inadequate data protection(4). The incident caused substantial reputational damage and impacted HSBC’s relationships with customers and stakeholders(5). The commercial viability of cybercrime has expanded the market, as it has become increasingly easier to purchase and rent tools and services for hacking purposes. User credentials are valuable to hackers because they allow continuous unauthorized access to various online accounts, posing a risk to virtually anyone with an online presence. In early December 2022, PayPal experienced a credential stuffing attack affecting about 35,000 accounts(6). The attackers used credentials obtained from other data breaches to access these accounts(7). Although some sensitive information was potentially accessed, including Social Security numbers and addresses, no unauthorized transactions were detected(8). PayPal responded by resetting affected passwords and offering free identity monitoring services​(8). The dangerous possibilities of the virtual theft of consumers’ personal information were rendered evident in 2014 when Yahoo was the target of a significant cyber-attack where hackers, allegedly state-sponsored, accessed and stole data from 500 million user accounts(9). The stolen information included names, email addresses, phone numbers, birth dates, and encrypted passwords(10). Yahoo publicly disclosed the breach in 2016, marking it as one of the largest known data breaches in history(11). This incident raised major concerns about cybersecurity practices and the protection of personal information online. A third type of data breach involves cyber threat actors who target large companies for cyber intrusions to spy, steal data to sell, and extort money from victims. In 2016, hackers stole $101 million from Bangladesh Bank after infiltrating its computer systems for nearly two weeks(12). They used malware to manipulate the bank’s servers, making the transactions appear legitimate and deleting logs to cover their tracks(13). The sophisticated operation, potentially conducted by a financially motivated criminal group, involved transferring money to accounts in the Philippines and Sri Lanka(14). The heist highlighted vulnerabilities in the bank’s systems and led to significant repercussions, including the resignation of Bangladesh Bank’s governor (14). These four diverse instances evidence the distinct forms of data breach terrorizing today’s virtual world, posing significant security threats to both the individual and the global enterprise. Artificial Intelligence and Data Manipulation Yet, in a fast-evolving digital world, traditional hacking techniques have long been eclipsed by advanced tools like AI technologies and Machine Learning algorithms. AI-driven technologies can perform complex tasks such as interacting with users in a convincingly human-like manner, which can be exploited for social engineering attacks where individuals are tricked into revealing sensitive information (15). The artificial intelligence research organization, Open AI, recently exemplified these dangers, when the enterprise informed users that it could not delete specific prompts from users’ history, and thus advised against sharing sensitive information on the platform(16). Moreover, there are significant menaces involved in the ability of machine learning algorithms to process large datasets, and identify patterns and system vulnerabilities, because malicious actors can manipulate AI models to generate false, deceptive output. One such case occurred in February 2024, when a Hong Kong-based multinational company lost $25.6 million in a deepfake scam (17). Scammers used AI technology to ... --- ## Amendments to the Saudi Arabian Labor Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/amendments-to-the-saudi-arabian-labor-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 622 > The recent amendments to Saudi Labor Law enhance flexibility and protection for employers and employees. Key points include revised contract termination rules, stricter housing and transportation requirements, extended maternity leave,... The recent amendments to Saudi Labor Law enhance flexibility and protection for employers and employees. Key points include revised contract termination rules, stricter housing and transportation requirements, extended maternity leave, and penalties for unlicensed employee lending and discrimination. These changes seek to provide fair treatment and balance workplace interests. After approval by the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Human Resources & Social Development issued a guide showing all of the changes and amendments to the Saudi Labor Law. The changes will come into effect after 180 days from the date of publication in the official gazette. The changes are aimed at providing flexibility to both parties as well as protecting the interests of both parties. Significant changes have been made to the termination of employment contracts. An employee under a “specified term” employment contract can now request termination of the contract before its expiration. The resignation will become effective from the date of acceptance by the employer or if there is no response by the employer for (30) days from the date of notification of resignation. However, the employer may require the employee to work for a maximum period of (60) days if the work situation so demands. This will have to be conveyed to the employee in writing within the (30) day period providing therein justification for such a request. As far as an “unspecified period contract” is concerned, the notice period by an employee to end an indefinite period contract for a valid reason is reduced to (30) days, whereas the employer will continue to be obliged to give (60) days’ notice. Besides other holidays and leaves currently available, the employee will also be entitled to (3) days of paid bereavement leave in case of sibling death. The maternity leave has been extended to be (12) weeks. The employer will continue to be responsible for all charges related to the renewal of residence permits and work permits. However, the employer will be responsible for fines and penalties only if the delay is attributable to him. Although it is customary for employers to provide housing and transportation, the amendments specifically require the provision of these facilities or reasonable allowances in lieu of the previously mentioned facilities. The employer with the consent of the employee may give paid leave in lieu of overtime. Unlike the current provision related to probation wherein the initial probation period could be extended for an additional period of (90) days only with the consent of the employee, the employers will be able to provide for probation of 180 days straightway in the contract. However, both parties will have the right to terminate the employment contract without notice or compensation during the probation period. While companies will be able to lend or make available their employees to others provided that they have the relevant license, the Law provides for a penalty in the amount between SR. 200,000 and SR. 500,000 for engaging in such an activity or engaging in recruitment of manpower for others without the required license. If an employer is restricted from renewing employees’ work permits due to non-fulfillment of Saudization parameters, the affected employees will be able to transfer their sponsorship without requiring consent from the employer. The employers will be specifically restricted from indulging in any act of discrimination while recruiting employees, including discrimination on account of race, color, gender, physical disability, or age. Need Our Support with the New Labor Law Changes? Understanding and following the new Saudi Labor Law updates is essential for your business. Our legal team, specialized in employment law, is ready to assist you in staying compliant. Get in touch with us today for a detailed consultation. AlGhazzawi & Partners --- ## CORPORATE COMPLIANCE IN SAUDI ARABIA URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/corporate-compliance-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1025 > CORPORATE COMPLIANCE IN SAUDI ARABIA Corporate compliance in Saudi Arabia ensures businesses adhere to legal and regulatory requirements. Under Vision 2030, the Saudi government passed the New Companies Law in... CORPORATE COMPLIANCE IN SAUDI ARABIA Corporate compliance in Saudi Arabia ensures businesses adhere to legal and regulatory requirements. Under Vision 2030, the Saudi government passed the New Companies Law in January 2023, mandating all companies to amend their Articles of Association (AoA) or Memorandum of Association (MoA) by January 2025. This amendment is essential for any changes to commercial registration, shareholding structure, or corporate activities. The Saudi Business Centre facilitates these processes, offering unified services. The new law, enhancing flexibility while maintaining stakeholder safeguards, requires companies to update their governance documents to comply with new regulations and benefit from the law’s flexibility. Corporate Compliance in Saudi Arabia is a critical aspect of ensuring that businesses operate in accordance with the law and adhere to regulatory requirements set forth by the authorities. In view of the Government’s Vision 2030 and its efforts in making the Kingdom a business hub for investors from across the world, the Saudi Council of Ministers passed the New Companies Law in January 2023. The Ministry of Commerce issued directives that all companies in the kingdom must amend their Articles of Association (AoA) / Memorandum of Association (MoA) and change the provisions to be fully compliant with the new Law latest by January 2025. The Ministry of Commerce is now requiring all entities that are requesting any change to their commercial registration (CR) to first amend the AoA / MoA before being able to make such changes. For example, changing managers or board of managers or address in the CR is not possible without first amending the AoA/MoA and completing the compliance. Similarly, changes to the shareholding structure, commercial activities, trade names, and capital reduction or increase would not be possible without completing the required compliance. Corporate Compliance Strengthening & Flexibility Under the New Law In recent years, the Saudi government has taken steps to strengthen Corporate Governance and enhance corporate compliance in the Kingdom. One of the major noticeable steps is the establishment of the Saudi Business Centre, having branches across different towns and cities in the Kingdom, which unify the services provided by all company-related governmental entities such the Ministry of Commerce, Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, and General Organization for Social Insurance. The Center was established pursuant to Cabinet Resolution No. (456), Issued in early 2019 under which it is organizationally linked to The Council of Economic and Development Affairs and with the vision of making Saudi Arabia one of the ten leading countries in the world; in regards to the quality, smoothness, and efficiency of Government services related to the business Sector. Besides the compliance part, as the new Law has removed several restrictions from different forms of companies with a view to provide flexibility to set up, finance, invest in, and manage entities; businesses may determine their specific requirements, priorities, plans, risk factors, etc. and accordingly amend the provisions in the AoA. An example of the lifted restrictions is the earlier requirement of mandatory statutory reserve, which is no longer a requirement under the new law. While the new law has placed proper safeguards to protect the interests of all stakeholders, yet, at the same time, it has enabled businesses and industries to structure their entities in a manner that suits their needs from management and operational aspects. The Law prescribes minimum requirements to protect the interests of stakeholders, yet it allows the partners and shareholders to adopt higher thresholds and restrictions if they deem them appropriate. The AoA typically covers a wide range of provisions, including the company’s activities, governance structure, shareholder rights, distribution of profit and loss, procedures for decision-making, and managerial powers. It serves as a roadmap for how the company should be acting and provides a framework for resolving disputes and conflicts that may arise among stakeholders. Amending the AoA is a crucial process that requires careful consideration and compliance with legal requirements. The amendments to the AoA must be approved by the company’s shareholders and endorsed before the Saudi Business Center which publishes the AoA on the relevant portal for public viewing. Corporate Compliance for Listed Joint Stock Companies (JSC) Companies listed and trading on stock exchange in Saudi Arabia are also required to comply with the Corporate Governance Regulations issued by the Capital Market Authority (CMA) to ensure transparency for shareholders. These regulations set out the principles and standards of corporate governance that companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange (Tadawul) must adhere to, including requirements related... --- ## Digital Transformation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/digital-transformation-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-25 Words: 3132 > A Comprehensive Overview of Digital Transformation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken leaps in incubating digital technologies into various aspects of the country’s... A Comprehensive Overview of Digital Transformation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken leaps in incubating digital technologies into various aspects of the country’s economy, society, and government, ensuring a development in the technological strategies adopted by governmental entities. These strategies aim to enable and accelerate the government’s transformation efficiently and effectively. In line with Vision 2030, the digital transformation of the Saudi government is an integral, conclusive, and pragmatic strategy that aims to lead a change in the market. We will explore the Kingdom’s fundamental strategies and policies set out in order to incubate digital transformation in KSA, highlighting the challenges and future projects implemented into the Kingdom. Growth of the Digital Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom’s goal since 2019 was to grow the information technology and communication sector by 50% and increase its contribution to the GDP by SAR 50 billion (as per the Strategy of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology Report). In addition, the government of the Kingdom has invested in digital infrastructure, including high speed internet, data capacity, and mobile technology. The internet penetration in the Kingdom reached 98% (as per the CITC report in 2021). The steps taken by the Kingdom is reflected in the overall score of the Digital Experience Maturity Index for Government Services, reaching 77.26% at the Competent Level which was included in its first cycle in 2022, assessing twelve priority government platforms in accordance with the perspectives and themes in this report. This reveals that these platforms are progressing in most themes of digital experience and have the readiness to advance towards an integrated digital experience (Digital Government Authority – Digital Experience Maturity Index for Government Services 2022). By incubating these necessary platforms and infrastructure, the Kingdom has already begun its preparation in achieving the overall goal set to be achieved in Vision 2030, for a successful digital transformation. Fundamental Strategies and Policies: The Kingdom has set out six fundamental strategies, which are: Saudi Vision 2030, Digital Inclusion, E-Participation, Data Protection and Privacy, National Strategy for Data and AI, and National Cybersecurity Strategy. These fundamental policies are aimed to be implemented through a dynamic shift of the Saudi government previously acting as an enabler, to now changing their methods in order to achieve successful implementation and adoption. Vision 2030 Vision 2030 is a strategic roadmap, outlining a comprehensive plan to transform the Kingdom’s economy and society. To achieve digital transformation, the Saudi government has implemented various initiatives and programs, including, the National Transformation Program (“NTP”) and the Saudi Vision 2030 Realization Program, which is an economic action plan put in place by the government of Saudi Arabia to focus on developing areas such as e-government services, digital infrastructure development, cybersecurity, and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. This was reflected in the launch of several digital platforms and services to enhance citizen engagement and improve efficiency of public services, such as ‘Absher’ and ‘Tawakkalna’, which aim to give citizens access to a wide range of governmental services and information. Digital Inclusion Digital inclusion is a key objective to provide integrated digital services to the government sector in Saudi Arabia, conducted through the launch of the “Inclusive Government Program” by the DGA in 2022. The DGA Governor of the Authority has stressed that the “Inclusive Government Program” seeks to provide a better digital experience for the beneficiary through unified platforms and applications, in addition to developing and operating comprehensive government platforms through a set of technologies that enable the authorities to develop, exchange, and link services without the need to redesign, test, and run the same platforms, as published in February 2024 on the DGA platform. The ICT Sector Strategy published in 2023 encompasses the need for digital inclusion, with a direct reference to the need for advanced technology, digital knowledge, and awareness among citizens and residents. E-Participation E-Participation holds great importance to encourage and initiate communication channels with citizens in order to express their opinions, ideas, and suggestions on specific topics relevant to the Saudi society. Through these ideas, opinions, and suggestions the government is able to construct and enact appropriate legislation, policies, strategies, initiatives, and services. The Council of Ministers adopted decision No. (476) dated 15/7/1441 H mandating the National Competitiveness Center to establish the Rules and Regulations Support Unit in the center aiming to perform the fol... --- ## Liquidated Damages under ‘Civil Transactions Law or Civil Code.’ URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/liquidated-damages-under-civil-transactions-law-or-civil-code/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1496 > Introduction Generally speaking, liquidated damages are a sum of money specified in some contracts that are to be paid by one party to another as a compensation for intangible losses... Introduction Generally speaking, liquidated damages are a sum of money specified in some contracts that are to be paid by one party to another as a compensation for intangible losses suffered by the latter due to breach of contract by the former. Since many a times damages are difficult to be estimated or computed, parties agree either for a specific amount or a percentage of the contract value to be payable by the defaulting party. Although liquidated damages are accepted in most of the jurisdictions, the extent to which such damages are allowed depend on provisions in the relevant regulations, the case law, or the discretion of courts. However, it is almost a settled practice that courts differentiate between liquidated damages and penalties. Usually, the courts do not entertain claims for compensation that are either stated as penalties in a contract or they are obvious as penalties for the reason that while liquidated damages are intended to compensate the non-breaching party for actual damages suffered, penalties are meant to punish the breaching party. In Saudi Arabia too, the stand towards liquidated damages has always been clear and it revolves around the well-enshrined principle of Sharia “There be no harm; nor cause any harm” and the Civil Transactions Law (Law) reflects the same principle while covering the issues related to compensation and damages. It stipulates explicitly “every wrongful act that causes harm to others shall render the offender liable for damages and the wrongful act resulting in damage will be considered as such and the person committing the act shall be held liable unless there is an evidence to the contrary[1]. Before delving into liquidated damages, let us see provisions related to breach of contract and damages in general. Breach of Contract The Law enables a non-defaulting party to demand performance from a defaulting party or terminate the contract besides claiming compensation for damages sustained in both cases. However, the court may decline request for termination of a contract if the breach by a defaulting party is of little importance compared to the underlying obligation [2]. At the same time, the Law allows parties to agree beforehand that the obligee shall have the right to terminate the contract in case of a breach by the obligor without any need for a court ruling. It goes further in allowing the parties to remove the requirement of notice for terminating the contract by having an explicit agreement covering this issue [3] Effects of Termination The provision of compensation for damages is based on the principle that in case of termination of a contract, the parties be restored to the position that existed before the conclusion of the contract and if such restitution is impossible, the non-defaulting party shall be entitled to compensation. This principle has well been accommodated in the Law.[4]. The Law also enables a non-defaulting party to delay its own performance in case of delay by the other party [5]. For instance, if an employer of a construction contract fails to make payments to the contractor, the latter may suspend works or decline to fulfill its obligations, without being liable for delay in completion of works. Degree of Compensation While dealing with compensation or damages, the crux lies in the degree or the extent to which the courts could ascertain and award damages. The Law provides for compensation to remove the damage in full by restoring the aggrieved party to its possible pre-damage condition and the compensation for the damage caused should be proportional to the loss sustained or the profits lost. However, it adds a degree of responsibility on the aggrieved party in requiring it to make reasonable efforts expected of a prudent person in avoiding the damage [6]. While there is no specific stipulation covering loss of anticipated profits or anticipated losses, the Law specifically provides for compensation for moral damages that includes mental agony or psychological stress caused to the aggrieved party in view of loss of honor, reputation, or social standing [7]. Compensation for Damages The Law reiterates the principle of making good the damages sustained by any party and extends this principle to situations where the parties have not agreed in advance in such regard or do not have any contract as well as incidents and acts of omission that were not anticipated. Although, generally speaking, the Law requires compensation to be assessed in a monetary form, yet, the court may award a compensation in a fungible form that could restore the situation to the former status. And if the court is unable to make a final assessment of compensation, it may award an initial compensation without prejudice to the right of the aggrieved party to claim reconsideration of the assessed value within a period of time determined by the court.[8] Notably, the Law stipulates that the claims for compensation arising out of a wrongful act shall not be heard af... --- ## Flexible Working Hours for Saudi Nationals URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/flexible-working-hours-for-saudi-nationals/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 644 > The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (Ministry) has issued a Ministerial Decision under No: 153307 dated 11/11/1445 H. (20 May 2024) to regulate the provisions of flexible working... The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (Ministry) has issued a Ministerial Decision under No: 153307 dated 11/11/1445 H. (20 May 2024) to regulate the provisions of flexible working hours or part time employment for Saudi Nationals provided in the Labor Law. The Ministerial Decision has amended several provisions related to Flexible Work Hours or Part time Employment in the Rules of Implementation of Labor Law. This short note highlights the manner in which Saudi nationals could be employed on a part-time basis and the terms applicable to such employment contracts. The Part Time Employment mechanism enables a Saudi national to work with one or more employers, provided that the work hours are less than half of the total work hours of the establishment. For instance, if the total working hours of a company during a month are 192 hours, the maximum number of hours for which an employee could be employed under the mechanism would be (95) hours a month. The employee may work with other employers for similar periods. The revised provision in the Rules of Implementation stipulates that a maximum of (95) hours of work by an employee during a month for one employer will have to be computed on the agreed basic hourly rate, and the parties may either agree on the same hourly rate or a higher hourly rate for additional hours, provided that in all cases, the total number of work hours should not exceed (160) hours during any month with one employer. Under the earlier provisions, the maximum work hours under part time employment arrangements were (95) hours and there were no provision for additional hours. The Rules require that wages be computed for the number of hours of services provided by the employee in accordance with the agreed hourly rate on a monthly basis or on other basis agreed between the parties. The employer will not be obliged to grant any paid leave (annual leave, sick leave, or leave for occasions like marriage, childbirth, bereavement, etc.) to the part time employees nor obliged to pay end of services benefits. However, although the weekly holiday and rest period as provided in the Labor Law shall be applicable to part time employees, the employees will not be entitled to get paid for the weekly days off or the rest period. The Nitaqat (Point System) shall be computed based on the number of hours of services provided by such employees, with (160) work hours by one employee or group of employees counted as one point. The term of part time employment contract shall not exceed one year, continuously or with different periods. However, the employer may extend the period of the contract with the consent of the employee or enter into a normal employment contract. The provisions related to non-competition with the businesses of the employer as provided in Article (83) of the Labor Law shall be applicable to employees working under part time employment contract. The provision of compensation in case of termination of part time employment for an invalid reason has not been revised, and the party harmed by termination will be entitled to compensation unless otherwise agreed by the parties. The part time employment contract will have to be prepared and entered electronically and should include the period of the contract and the hourly wage rate. The work hours may be fixed and changed with the consent of the employee, and the same be submitted on the portal of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development. Conclusion The provision of part time employment was available under the Labor Law with certain conditions. However, the revisions and additions to the Rules of Implementation of the Labor Law and the issuance of guidelines by the Ministry will regulate the mechanism and provide flexibility to both employers and employees. Al Ghazzawi & Partners --- ## Statute of Limitations – Saudi Arabian Civil Transactions Laws URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/statute-of-limitations-saudi-arabian-civil-transactions-laws/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1623 > Introduction Saudi Arabian Civil Transactions Law (Law) promulgated under Royal Decree No: D/191 dated 29/11/1444 H. (18 June, 2023) which became effective on 16 December, 2023 has codified the principles... Introduction Saudi Arabian Civil Transactions Law (Law) promulgated under Royal Decree No: D/191 dated 29/11/1444 H. (18 June, 2023) which became effective on 16 December, 2023 has codified the principles and rules of civil transactions, dealings and relations in an exhaustive manner. No sooner than the Law became effective, the courts in Saudi Arabia started entertaining arguments based on the provisions of the law as well as discussing and invoking the relevant provisions while rendering judgments. Notably, the Law provides limitations with respect to different periods for a variety of issues after which claims can be challenged on grounds of inadmissibility. Universally referred as ‘statute of limitations’; the provisions under the law assume greater significance insofar as inadmissibility of claims or rejection of claims for being time-barred. Hence, these limitations are to be borne in mind while executing transactions and contracts as they may restrict the chances of enforcing an obligation on a counterparty for being time barred. As the Law is applicable for transactions and contracts entered into by parties even before the Law became effective, albeit with some exceptions, disputes arising over those arrangements will also attract the provisions related to statute of limitations. Therefore, when countered with any such issue, one of the first things to consider would be the applicability of time related restrictions and exceptions available thereto. This short note covers time restrictions related to different issues. Contracts and Agreements As far as contracts and agreements are concerned, the statute of limitations may restrict a party’s right to force its counterpart to fulfil its obligation, take any remedial step, or invoke any provision under a contract if the subject issue becomes time barred in view of the statute of limitations provided in the Law. The Law restricts any action for claiming invalidation or voiding of a contract after the lapse of one year following the date on which the party claiming invalidation became aware of the reason for invalidation. However, if the reason for invalidation is partial incompetence or duress, the Law extends the period to commence from the date the partially incompetent person becomes fully competent or the date the duress ceases to exist. In all cases, except in the cases of diminished capacity, no claim for invalidation shall be heard after the lapse of 10 years following the signing of the contract[1]. Similarly, claims for nullification or voiding of contract too will become time-barred after the lapse of 10 years[2]. Wrongful Acts & Damages The Law provides that a claim for compensation arising from a wrongful act will not be entertained after the lapse of three years from the date the aggrieved party becomes aware of both the occurrence of the damage and the identity of the person liable for such damage. In all cases, such claims shall not be heard after the lapse of 10 years from the date of the occurrence of the damage unless the action for damages arises out of a criminal offense wherein it shall not be time barred as long as the criminal action is not time barred[3]. Similarly, a claim arising from an unjust enrichment or undue payments shall not be heard after the lapse of three years from the date on which the creditor becomes aware of his right. In all cases, such claims shall not be heard after the lapse of 10 years from the date on which the right arose[4]. Under the Law, an action to stop an obligor from disposing of his assets if such disposition would exceed the debts owed to the obligee shall not be heard upon the lapse of one year from the date on which the creditor becomes aware of the reason. In all cases, no claim shall be heard upon the lapse of 10 years from the date of such disposition[5]. Rights and Obligations Although, the Law provides that the right to demand fulfilment of an obligation shall not be extinguished due to lapse of time; however, any claim for such right made against a party denying such a right shall not be heard upon the lapse of 10 years, except for cases governed under statutory provisions or the exceptions provided in the Law[6]. The Law specifically covers statute of limitations and exceptions applicable to certain group of people and businesses. Actions by self-employed people like lawyers, physicians and engineers against their clients shall not be heard after the lapse of 5 years.[7] Similarly, the rights of (i) merchants and craftsmen in respect of items supplied to persons who are not trading in such items (ii), owners of restaurants, cafes, and hotels in respect of costs incurred by them in performing such activities (iii), wage earners with regards to the price of services provided shall become time barred after the lapse of one year.[8] However, the Law grants an exemption wherein if a deed is executed covering such rights, the statute of limitation will be extended to 10 years.[9]. The Law also... --- ## Future of FinTech in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/future-of-fintech-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-25 Words: 2794 > A Comprehensive Overview of FinTech in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed a rapid growth in financial technology, commonly known as FinTech. FinTech has... A Comprehensive Overview of FinTech in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed a rapid growth in financial technology, commonly known as FinTech. FinTech has revolutionized the traditional financial sector by leveraging technology to provide innovative financial services. We will explore the impacts of FinTech on the economy in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the benefits and challenges it brings to the ever-changing dynamics of Saudi Arabia and government driven regulations and investments in technology. Additionally, we will explore the noteworthy changes with the inception of Vision 2030 fostering the growth of the FinTech industry. FinTech Impact on Financial Sector: The Saudi Arabian economy has been positively impacted by the inclusion of FinTech. The adoption of FinTech solutions has allowed for increased financial inclusion, improved efficiency, and enhanced access to financial services. One of the most notable effects is the promotion of financial inclusion. FinTech has enabled individuals and businesses, to access financial services without facing the previous financial restrictions, such as time manner, geographical location, operating hours, and hardcopy documentation. Providing a purely virtual experience accessible at all times at any location. Aiding in reducing the financial exclusion gap and empowering more to participate in the expansion of the digital economy. The FinTech solutions which are available now range from mobile banking, digital wallet solutions, and online payment platforms, available to individuals and businesses at the chosen time of convenience, regardless of their location. Providing a broader range of digital payment systems in Saudi Arabia. The robust growth of this sector is reflected in the size of the Saudi Arabia FinTech Market reaching an estimate of USD 43.78 million in 2024 and growing to reach a striking USD 77.63 million by 2029. The broad impact of the growth in the market allows for the diversified use of online platforms in a more convenient and secure manner, increasing the number of non-cash transactions to a projected 70% by 2025. Efficient and Transparent Transactions: A prominent feature which FinTech offers is the streamlined processes, allowing transactions to become more efficient and transparent. The introduction of blockchain technology has enabled the emergence of secure and decentralized platforms for digital transactions, reducing the previous high risks of fraud whilst enhancing trust among participants. Major banking institutions have introduced the use of artificial intelligence to combat financial crime. By swiftly detecting potential threats, artificial intelligence has proven to be a beneficial addition to providing security to users. Prominent leading banks have introduced risk management technology as a means to prevent payment fraud and ensure secure digital transactions. This technology aids to mitigate risk by assessing all transactions for vulnerability. The success of these financial adoptions highlights the leaps taken by banking institutions in Saudi Arabia to ensure the security of their users. Innovative Investment Opportunities Revolutionized by FinTech: Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 has also paved a way for new investment opportunities. Thanks to digital advisory services and online trading platforms, individuals can now easily invest in stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments. The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) launched an initiative to support and develop the FinTech industry in KSA, by licensing and authorizing FinTech firms in KSA. The initiative aligns with the strategy for Saudi Arabia to position itself as a regional financial hub by 2030. By 2030, the FinTech sector aims to have 525 active FinTech firms in the Kingdom, contributing directly around 13 billion SAR to the GDP and creating 18,000 direct jobs. The substantial market growth provides a gateway for foreign and local investments in a secure and regulated manner. The concept of investing in the Kingdom has broadened, allowing a wider range of individuals to participate in the capital market and potentially benefit from economic growth. Coinciding with the National Investment Strategy (NIS), promoting direct foreign investment in the Kingdom. Direct foreign investment opportunities will diversify revenues, whilst boosting the economy. The initiative is designed to empower investors, provide investment opportunities and financing solutions, enhance competitiveness, and clarify the partnership between the public and private sectors. The initiatives present significant investment opportunities, attracting both local and international investors and contributing to the goals outlined in Vision 2030 of creating a regional financial hub in KSA. Challenges and Regulatory Framework: While FinTech brings numerous benefits, the adoption and evolution of FinTech has brought about several challenges that need to be addressed to ensure its... --- ## Advocacy Law – Rules of Implementation URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/advocacy-law-rules-of-implementation/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1587 > The Ministry of Justice (Ministry) has just released draft of the proposed Implementing Regulations for Advocacy Law for public consultation (Regulations). The Regulations will replace the existing regulations and will... The Ministry of Justice (Ministry) has just released draft of the proposed Implementing Regulations for Advocacy Law for public consultation (Regulations). The Regulations will replace the existing regulations and will become effective from the date of its publication in the official gazette. Continuing with reforms in the judicial sector which include enabling foreign law firms to set up their offices in the Kingdom on their own or through a Saudi licensed lawyer, the Ministry has stated that the objective of the revisions to the Regulations is to increase the level of professional competence and efficiency of practitioners in accordance with the best practices with a view to improve the business environment in the Kingdom. While most of the issues related to code of practice are covered in the current regulations, yet there are several new provisions in the Regulations as well as provisions elaborating the issues covered in the existing regulations. This short note covers the most salient provisions under the Regulations: Licensing Requirements: The Regulations provide in detail the procedures and process for obtaining of advocacy license as well as provides for transferring of lawyers from the list of practicing lawyers to the list of non-practicing lawyers upon occurrence of certain events and conditions which also include not having a valid membership of Saudi Bar Association. General Duties and Obligations: Besides having an office, the practicing lawyers shall be required to develop internal policies and procedures to ensure compliance and develop an annual plan for training of employees in their offices. The lawyers will have to submit an annual report indicating their commitment to transfer of knowledge and impart training. The Regulations continue to restrict lawyers from combining the practice of profession with other works whether in the public sector or the private sector. However, the Regulations enable practice of profession along with other professions that do not conflict with the nature of the law practice subject to controls by the relevant department. Although, a lawyer may become a partner or a shareholder in companies where the liability will be restricted to his / her contribution in the capital and could also be a member of the board of directors; yet, a lawyer cannot manage a commercial company or become an executive manager of a commercial company. The Regulations extends the responsibility of lawyers towards maintaining confidentiality of the data of their client to works that involve submission or exchange of information on electronic portals and platforms. The Saudi Bar Association will be tasked to prepare an indicative list of approval electronic portals and platforms. While the Regulations require lawyers to abide by the provisions related to returning of the original documents to their clients, provided that the clients have paid all of the fee, it provides an exemption if the same had been agreed with the client. Being a Partner in a Professional Company: The Regulations restrict a lawyer to be a partner in more than one professional law firm. Besides, two or more lawyers cannot work together without forming a professional company. The Regulations restate the possibility of mixing of professions (subject to obtaining of approval by the Ministry). However, the shareholding of lawyers in such a company should be more than 25% of the company’s capital and they are entitled to more than 25% of the net profits of the company. Lawyer’s Fee and Dispute with Clients: The Regulations restate the right of the lawyers to claim their fee for the services rendered as well as expenses incurred by them in claiming the due fee from the client. The Regulations continue with the provision that the venue for resolution of any dispute between a lawyer and his/her client shall be the court which had heard the lawsuit on which the lawyer had rendered his/her services. However, if any dispute is related to services rendered on matters not involving any litigation, the courts having jurisdiction over the subject of the dispute shall have the jurisdiction. The Regulations provide clarity regarding the basis on which the attorney’s fee (in case of dispute) will be determined and that includes consideration of the lawyer’s professional experience and reputation besides the type and nature of work, efforts exerted by the lawyer. Trainee Registration: The relationship between the lawyer and the trainee will be governed under an employment contract as per the Saudi Labor Law. The Regulations restate the training requirements and experience for obtaining of practice license as available in the existing regulations. However, the period of practice required by a lawyer for training law graduates is reduced from (5) years to (2) years. Non-Saudi Consultant: The Regulations restate the earlier requirement that all Non-Saudi lawyers be registered in the list of ‘Non Saudi Consultants’ for rendering services t... --- ## Personal Data Protection Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/personal-data-protection-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 797 > Introduction In the era of digital transformation, Saudi Arabia leads with internet coverage over 73% and smartphone penetration exceeding 80%. With concerns arising, the Personal Data Protection Law aims to... Introduction In the era of digital transformation, Saudi Arabia leads with internet coverage over 73% and smartphone penetration exceeding 80%. With concerns arising, the Personal Data Protection Law aims to safeguard privacy rights among technological advancements Boundaries of the Law The Personal Data Protection Law’s applicability is clearly defined in Paragraph 1 of Article 2, which states: “The Law applies to any Processing of Personal Data related to individuals that takes place in the Kingdom by any means, including the Processing of Personal Data related to individuals residing in the Kingdom by any means from any party outside the Kingdom.” So while this law aligns with global trends in personal information protection, it mainly focuses on Saudi Arabia to ensure compliance with the country’s legal requirements. This is why the law exclusively applies to individuals residing in Saudi Arabia and covers data processing activities conducted both within and outside the Kingdom, as long as the data processed relates to Saudi Arabian residents. Defining Terms The Personal Data Protection Law identifies Personal Data as any information, regardless of its origin or format, that could be used to directly or indirectly identify a person. This data includes, among other things, names, personal identification numbers, addresses, contact details, license numbers, records, personal possessions, bank and credit card details, photos, videos, and other personal data. In addition, the Law highlights the difference between Personal Data and Sensitive Data, which is more important due to its sensitive nature, and explicitly forbids the use of Sensitive Data for advertising purposes. Examples of Sensitive Data, as classified by the Law, may include information on racial or ethnic background, religious, intellectual, or political beliefs, criminal records, biometric or genetic data for identification purposes, health records, and indications of anonymous parentage. Anyone who discloses or shares Sensitive Data with malicious intent or for personal gain is liable to face legal repercussions. These types of actions could lead to a maximum prison sentence of two years, a fine not exceeding three million Riyals, or both. It’s also essential to clarify the term “Processing” in this context; it covers any activity involving Personal Data, whether manual or automated. This encompasses activities such as collection, recording, saving, indexing, organizing, formatting, storing, modifying, updating, consolidating, retrieving, utilizing, disclosing, transmitting, publishing, sharing, connecting, blocking, deleting, and destroying data. Understanding the extent of Processing is critical to ensuring compliance with data protection laws. Individuals’ Rights Individuals are afforded specific rights by the Law to protect their Personal Data, which consist of the following: Being informed about the collection and processing of their data. Accessing their collected data. Obtaining their data in a legible and clear format. Correcting or updating their data. Requesting the deletion of their data when no longer essential for its original purpose. Prohibited Acts Data controllers must follow numerous constraints, as outlined in the law, to prevent accidentally breaching its rules. These constraints include: Only collecting data directly from individuals. Not disclosing Personal Data. Avoiding the use of personal communication means for advertising purposes. Abstaining from duplicating identifiable official documents. Exceptions The law does, however, make exceptions to its standard provisions, as outlined in both the law itself and its implementing regulations. These exceptions include: Personal or family use. Instances where communication with the individual is impossible or difficult. Processing in implementation of a previous agreement. Disclosure of data collected from publicly available sources. Case Study: Legality of Collecting CVs When evaluating the legality of collecting CVs from candidates, certain criteria must be considered, including: The candidate’s residency. The data’s nature. The acquisition method. The intended use. The candidate’s rights concerning their data. This evaluation process is crucial in ensuring compliance with legal standards and protecting individuals’ rights. Legal Complaints If an individual’s personal information is compromised, they have the right to seek compensation by filing a complaint with the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence within ninety days of the incident’s occurrence or upon becoming aware of the breach. The designated authority maintains a register specifically for recording such complaints. Your complaint should include the following details: The time & location of the data breach. Your name, identification details, address, and contact number. Information regarding the party against whom the complaint is lodged. A clear and detailed description of the violation accompanie... --- ## EMPLOYMENT: LEGAL PERSPECTIVE URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/employment-legal-perspective/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1681 > Introduction One of the challenges that enterprises encounter relates to regulating employment related issues. They relate both to contractual relationship with employees as well as compliance with the relevant laws,... Introduction One of the challenges that enterprises encounter relates to regulating employment related issues. They relate both to contractual relationship with employees as well as compliance with the relevant laws, regulations and directives. A poorly drafted employment contract or use of templates without fully understanding or visualizing the inherent risks or drafting of contracts without paying due consideration to provisions in the relevant laws and regulations could spell disaster for companies in case of disputes or when they need to take actions under the contracts. Similarly, initiation of actions or measures against employees without following the right steps or analysis may force employers to pay a huge price. We have seen numerous cases wherein companies found themselves in dire straits and lost lawsuits due to the HR teams not paying the required attention to regulatory provisions. Term or Period of Contract On one hand, companies aim to retain good employees for longer durations, on the other hand, they also seek ways and means to not continue with employees whom they may not need or who fail to perform as per their requirements. Therefore, the first and foremost consideration should be the determination of period of contract. While companies may find it apt to enter into a contract with a fixed term of one year enabling them to terminate the contract upon completion; yet, in some cases, a company might find it more appropriate to have a contract for a longer duration to ensure that the company will not lose employees for having invested time and money to recruit them or in honing their skills or in view of their projects. In such a scenario, if the company ends up entering into a long-term employment contract without a specific provision reflecting an agreed compensation in case of termination for an invalid reason, which cannot be lesser than two months wages, it will be forced to pay compensation equivalent to the balance period of the contract, no matter howsoever longer period remained under the contract. The employers should also be aware of the fact that in the absence of a specific provision of auto-renewal of employment contract upon its expiration, the employment contract for Saudi nationals becomes indefinite period contract in case the parties continue implementing the same after its expiration. Resignation Vs. Termination There is a thin line between the phrases ‘resignation’ and ‘termination of contract’ by the employee. An employee under an indefinite period contract may tender resignation by serving a notice of two months or a higher period as stipulated in the employment contract. However, an employee under a definite period employment contract can only terminate his contract upon its expiration by serving a notice of non-renewal as stipulated in the contract. It is also important to note that although, an indefinite period contract allows both parties to terminate it for a reason by serving a notice of 60 days anytime, yet, it is not always easy for employers to establish a ‘valid reason’ and the labor court might deem such a termination arbitrary and award compensation equivalent to 15 days wages for each year of employment if the contract is void of specific compensation for termination without a valid cause. There are other reasons or conditions wherein parties can terminate the employment: by mutual consent, provided the employee agrees in writing for such termination, the employee reaching the age of 60 years, ‘Force Majeure’ or closure of a line or section of business. Inability to change or amend conditions of employment One more issue that needs specific attention is the provision in the Labor Law that disallows any change in the employment contract or any amendment to the conditions of employment unless it is deemed more beneficial to the employee. For instance, if an employer agreed to provide for annual leave longer than the minimum required period of (21) days, it cannot reduce it later to the minimum required period. The argument of parties agreeing to such changes shall not stand the legal test nor the defence that the employer adopted the provision as stipulated in the Law. Similarly, the employee will have the right to refuse accepting any amendment to the contract even if it is not harmful to him. For example, an employee may decline to accept adding in the contract provisions for specific compensation in case of early termination of the contract without a valid cause, if it was not agreed in the employment contract. Basic Wage Vs. Actual Wage Many a times, employers err in understanding the difference between ‘basic wage’ and ‘actual wage’. In effect, as per definitions provided in the Labor Law, the term ‘Wage’ which is applicable for computation of different payments refers to ‘actual wages’ that in turns includes basic wage and all allowances including in-kind allowances and commissions, incentives, bonuses etc. As the end of services benefits (EoSB) ne... --- ## PREMIUM RESIDENCY LAW URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/premium-residency-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 1323 > New Opportunities for Foreign Talent and Investors The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing its ‘Vision 2030’ Initiative, which aims to transform its economy by diversifying away from oil... New Opportunities for Foreign Talent and Investors The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is actively pursuing its ‘Vision 2030’ Initiative, which aims to transform its economy by diversifying away from oil and implementing comprehensive reforms in the commercial, social, and civil sectors. As part of this initiative, Saudi Arabia is making concerted efforts to attract skilled professionals and foreign investors who can contribute to its economic and social transformation. Recognizing the pivotal role these individuals play, the Kingdom has recently revamped its Premium Residency Program to provide a more appealing and flexible framework for obtaining Premium Residency. Under the revised program, Saudi Arabia seeks to welcome world-renowned scientists, artists, talented professionals, and seasoned entrepreneurs with open arms. It offers them not just temporary visitor status, but the opportunity to become potential residents with access to a wide range of opportunities. The aim is to position Saudi Arabia as a magnet for global talent, where individuals in various fields can thrive and contribute to the country’s growth. By offering an attractive and flexible Premium Residency program, Saudi Arabia is demonstrating its commitment to creating an environment that fosters innovation, creativity, and economic prosperity. This initiative aligns with the broader goals of the ‘Vision 2030’ Initiative, which seeks to establish a vibrant non-oil economy and drive social and civil reforms. Through these efforts, Saudi Arabia aims to position itself as an appealing destination for skilled professionals and foreign investors, ultimately fueling its economic and social transformation. AMENDMENTS To Premium Residency Law Several provisions of the Saudi Arabian Premium Residency Law, (the Law) have been amended vide Royal Decree No: M/84 dated 11/06/1445 H. which was published in the Official Gazette (Ummulqura) on 12 January 2024. The short note covers major changes in the Law as well as highlights important provisions covering the Premium Residency benefits and privileges offered to talented individuals, investors and entrepreneurs: KEY AMENDMENTS To The Premium Residency Law Include The definition of family has been changed to add parents of the holder of Premium Residency who will enjoy the benefits and privileges applicable to Premium Residency Holder. Besides the Premium Residency Holder, all of the family members could move in and out of the Kingdom without the requirements of an Exit Re-Entry visa. The categories of Premium Residency have been changed to be either ‘Permanent’ or ‘Definite Period’. Previously, it used to be ‘unspecified period’ (usually until death of the person or cancellation for reasons as stated in Article 9 in the Law) or a one year period. The Economical and Development Affairs Council has been entrusted with the task of determining fee for each type of Premium Residency. The provision “For the purpose of applying other statutory provisions, particularly tax provisions, the holder of a privileged residency permit shall be treated as a resident regardless of the period he spends outside the Kingdom during the year” has been deleted from the Law. The provision “A privileged residency permit does not make its holder eligible for Saudi citizenship” has been deleted from the Law. BENEFITS & PRIVILEGES Premium Residency provides non-Saudi nationals several benefits and privileges, which include: Residence in the Kingdom with family (wife, children and parents) without paying expat levy; Ownership of real estate for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes, in areas excluding the cities of Al-Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Al-Medina Al Munawwara and border areas; Usufruct on real estate located in the cities of Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Al-Medina Al Munawwara for a period not exceeding 99 years, subject to certain requirements and conditions; The ability of Premium Residency Holders and family members taking up jobs in the private sector with the ability to change jobs without requiring change of sponsor; the family members too are entitled to this privilege; The Premium Residency Holder and the family members moving inside and outside of Saudi Arabia without the requirement of exit-reentry visas; The Premium Residency Holder accessing immigration desks designated for Saudis and GCC citizens at the Kingdom’s exit and entry points; Setting up business entities and undertaking commercial activities, in accordance with the Foreign Investment Law. CLASSES OF PREMIUM RESIDENCY Premium Residency is available under the following categories Investor Residency Entrepreneur Residency Real Estate Owner Residency Special Talent Residency Gifted Residency Limited Duration and Unlimited Duration Premium Residency Each of the above categories has specific eligibility criteria, requirements and conditions for obtaining the Premium Residency. The ‘Investor Residency’ is available to individuals holding an investment license i... --- ## Demystifying of The New Civil Transaction Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/demystifying-of-the-new-civil-transaction-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 187 > Demystifying of The New Civil Transaction Law As we approach the end of 2023, one of the most significant legal events is set to unfold in the Kingdom; namely, coming... Demystifying of The New Civil Transaction Law As we approach the end of 2023, one of the most significant legal events is set to unfold in the Kingdom; namely, coming into force, a new law known as the Civil Transactions Law (Civil Code). This legislative development will have profound implications across various aspects of our legal landscape. While it garnered attention from legal experts, lawyers, and judges, it is essential to explore what this law means for an ordinary individual who may be unfamiliar with its intricate details Download the Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk (PDF) To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact the New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download The Civil Transaction Law Demystification (PDF) Demystifying of The New Civil Transaction Law Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Right of Ownership Under New Civil Transactions Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/right-of-ownership-under-new-civil-transactions-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1073 > Introduction The Law not only defines at length the right of ownership of movable and immovable properties but also states restrictions upon the owner and others while exercising their rights. ... Introduction The Law not only defines at length the right of ownership of movable and immovable properties but also states restrictions upon the owner and others while exercising their rights. The section covers issues related to ownership, right in-rem, usufruct, easement etc. Right to use, exploit, and dispose Firstly, the Law restates that the owner shall be entitled to use, utilize, exploit, and dispose of the right owned by him as well as enjoy benefits from all yields, products, and components of the object owned unless there is any statutory provision or an act requiring otherwise. It goes further and establishes the right of owner over all essential components of the object that he owns and his right over all spaces over and underneath the land under his ownership unless there is a statutory provision requiring otherwise. However, besides exceptions under statutory provisions restricting the enjoyment of rights or enjoyment in compliance with such restrictions, the Law also restricts the owner from exercising his right excessively to an extent that it would result in causing damage to a neighbor’s property. However, at the same time, the Law provides that the neighbor shall not have recourse against his neighbor on the grounds of unavoidable detriment or obstruction and he could only request the removal of such detriments in case they exceed the normal limit bearing in mind the customary practice and other criteria. It clarifies and states that even a license issued by a competent authority shall not prevent a neighbor from exercising his right to remove the detriments[1]. When it comes to the right to dispose of any property, the owner of a property is restricted from stipulating a condition preventing the transferee from disposing of the property unless such a condition is set for a reasonable period and is intended to safeguard a lawful interest of the transferor, the transferee or a third party[2]. Co-ownership of Property The Law covers in detail the rights and restrictions ensuing from a property that has several owners. It enables each owner-in-common to dispose of, exploit, and use his share in the property, without the permission of all other owners-in-common, provided that no harm would be inflicted upon their rights. While a jointly owned property is managed by all owners-in-common collectively, unless any statutory provision or agreement states otherwise, the Law provides that if any of the owner-in-common assumes the management without any objection by other owners, he shall be deemed an attorney-in-fact acting on their behalf. In case there are conflicting opinions among the co-owners with regards to the management of the property, the opinion of the majority on issues related to ordinary management shall be binding upon all owners-in-common and the majority shall be established based on the value of owners-in-common’ shares. However, all decisions aimed at improving the benefits from co-owned property or changing the intended purpose of such property and issues that go beyond the scope of ordinary management will require consent by at least three fourth majority provided that all owners-in-common are notified of such decisions who will have right to file an objection with the competent court within 30 days of being notified[3]. An owner-in-common who is desirous to withdraw from the property may demand judicial partition unless there is an agreement or a statutory provision preventing separation or the intended purpose dictates that the property remain under joint ownership[4]. The Law deals well with issues related to improvements to land or the construction of a building on a third party’s land in good faith and enables the owner to demand the removal of construction as well as compensation if the removal would cause damage to the property or retaining the construction by paying a fair compensation[5]. If any construction involves encroachment in good faith, a court may oblige the owner to assign to the neighbor ownership of the portion encroached upon against a fair compensation[6]. Movable Property The Law enables a person to take possession of a movable property that has been abandoned by the owner with the intention of giving it up unless there are statutory restrictions for such ownership. The Law elaborates that the minerals, hydrocarbons, the waste, the water, the antiques discovered shall be subject to the respective statutory provisions[7]. Usufruct One of the areas related to exploitation and enjoyment of benefits out of properties without assuming ownership thereof revolves around the Usufruct practice. The Law sets the requirements, conditions, and restrictions related to usufruct. The law requires that the usufruct be acquired by virtue of a legal act, inheritance if the Usufruct is of a fixed term, or preemption by the owner-in-common of the property owned in common. It states that the benefits shall accrue to the usufructuary throughout the agreed term. The Law enable... --- ## Saudi Proposed Income Tax Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-proposed-income-tax-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1688 > Introduction Essentially, the Proposed Law aims to widen the applicability of income tax on Residents and Non-Residents who enter into any business, investment, or property-related transactions. It also aims to... Introduction Essentially, the Proposed Law aims to widen the applicability of income tax on Residents and Non-Residents who enter into any business, investment, or property-related transactions. It also aims to bring the income tax regime in line with international best practices by removing ambiguities vis-à-vis taxable persons, taxable income, tax base, exemptions, deductions, etc. This short note highlights the major provisions under the Law. Legal or Natural Resident As the income tax applies to non-Saudi persons, the first and foremost issue relates to defining the Legal and Natural Resident and Non-Resident Persons. The Proposed Law distinguishes not only residents and non-residents but also defines in greater detail Legal Resident Persons (Legal Person) and Natural Resident Persons (Natural Persons). Legal Resident Persons Not only the entities duly incorporated in Saudi Arabia will be treated as Legal Persons, but the entities whose effective principal place of management is located in the Kingdom will also be treated as Legal Persons. Natural Resident Persons Any person who is domiciled in Saudi Arabia; or holds a residence permit and resides in the Kingdom for (30) days continuous or aggregate during a period of 365 days; or any person (not having domicile or residence permit) who stays in the Kingdom for 183 days continuous or aggregate during a tax year; or stayed for a period of 90 days continuous or in aggregate in a year tax year beside staying for a total of 270 days continuous or aggregate during the last three tax years will all be considered as Natural Resident Persons. Taxable Persons After understanding the definition of Legal Person and Natural Person, let us delve now into the definition of who will be treated as Taxable Persons. All Legal Persons having interest with respect to any interest or units held directly or indirectly by any non-Saudi person, or Legal Persons that conduct any activity related to natural gas investment or production of oil or hydrocarbons shall be considered taxable persons. At the same time, although the entities conducting their businesses or engaged in any activity through Permanent Establishments (PE) are considered as non-resident persons, they will be considered as taxable persons. Further, a non-resident person who does not have a permanent establishment, yet, derives an income from a source in Saudi Arabia and a non-resident natural person who conducts an activity in the Kingdom independently and regularly (opening of bank account in the Kingdom or trading or investing in stocks of the listed companies) will also be considered as taxable persons. Sources of Income Now let us see how the Proposed Law defines the source of income that will be treated as taxable. Revenues or Income generated from any activity or series of activities carried out to generate profit including commercial, investment, services, vocational industrial, agricultural, or any other similar activity including the use and exploitation of movable and immovable properties will be considered taxable income. The source of income also includes income derived from an Activity occurring in the Kingdom or which arises from a Permanent Establishment; or derived from dividends received from a Resident Legal Person or Director’s Fee paid by a Resident Company or through the sale of shares, units or any type of partnership in a Resident Legal Person; or derived of movable properties in the Kingdom; or derived from exploitation of natural resources in the Kingdom or exploitation of industrial or intellectual properties in the Kingdom; or derived from professional or advisory services related to business provided to a Resident or Permanent Establishment or consideration paid by a Resident Company to its head office or related person. Although, the income derived from the disposal, use or exploitation of any immovable property shall be considered as income generated from a source in the Kingdom, yet, in case of direct or indirect disposal of shares or units in a legal person, the total value related to immovable property be at least 50%. Similarly, capital gains generated directly or indirectly from the disposal of partnership, shares, interest, or units of a Non-Resident Legal Person shall be deemed not generated from a source in the Income in case 50% or more of their value is derived from the shares or units from assets not traded in the Kingdom at any time in the last one year. The Proposed Law has prescribed several conditions for treating activities related to income from debt claims, insurance and reinsurance premiums, etc. Taxable Income Besides the definition of taxable persons and sources of income, it is essential to understand what will be considered as ‘Taxable Income’ of Resident Legal Persons as well as Non-Resident Persons. The Taxable Income is tied to ‘total income’ derived by Resident Legal Persons from Activities carried out in or outside the Kingdom regardless of the payment m... --- ## Saudi Arabia’s Real Estate Market; Legal Rights and Liabilities URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabias-real-estate-market-legal-rights-and-liabilities/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-24 Words: 1304 > A Comprehensive Overview of the Game-Changing Real Estate Landscape The Saudi real estate market is experiencing a transformative wave with the introduction of the “Real Estate Market” platform by the... A Comprehensive Overview of the Game-Changing Real Estate Landscape The Saudi real estate market is experiencing a transformative wave with the introduction of the “Real Estate Market” platform by the Ministry of Justice. This digital platform aims to enhance transparency, and efficiency, and reduce the risk of fraud, marking a significant shift in how property transactions are conducted in the kingdom. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the diverse facets of the Saudi real estate landscape, the economic factors influencing it, the challenges faced, and the potential impact of the “Real Estate Market” platform. Additionally, we will explore the legal considerations associated with this groundbreaking platform and offer insights into its future projections The Saudi Real Estate Landscape Exploring the Diverse Property Types and Regional Pricing The Saudi real estate market is a dynamic tapestry comprising residential, commercial, retail, and warehouse properties. Each category plays a unique role in shaping the nation’s thriving property landscape. Residential properties, influenced by GDP, per capita, and population trends, coexist with a burgeoning commercial sector, particularly in cities like Riyadh, which are experiencing robust growth. Retail properties and warehouses contribute their own dynamics, reflecting distinct pricing patterns driven by consumer spending and logistics requirements. Price Dynamics and Regional Variations A standout feature of the Saudi real estate market is the notable variation in property prices across different regions. Supply and demand dynamics, coupled with the influence of the Information and communication technology (ICT) sector, contribute to these regional disparities. The tech sector’s success has spurred demand for commercial real estate, particularly in urban centers, driving up prices in key areas. The Economic Growth Impact on Saudi Arabian Real Estate Trends Broader economic growth significantly influences property pricing, with a promising GDP growth forecast for a non-oil economy of 3.6% in 2024. This surge creates an escalating demand for both commercial and residential properties, intensifying competitive pricing within the market. Various economic indicators further contribute to the diverse demand for different property types, highlighting the intricate relationship between the broader economic landscape and the evolving pricing dynamics of real estate in Saudi Arabia. Challenges Faced by the Saudi Real Estate Market Despite positive trends, the Saudi real estate market faces challenges, particularly due to the scarcity of affordable housing for middle and lower-income segments. Rising land prices and construction costs favor luxury housing development, posing a critical issue for a balanced and inclusive real estate market. Vision2030: A Digital Transformative Influence on Real Estate Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 positions the real estate sector as a cornerstone of economic diversification. The plan aims to reduce reliance on oil revenues and create a sustainable real estate market. Economic cities like King Abdullah Economic City, Jazan Economic City, and NEOM present substantial investment opportunities, attracting both local and international investors and contributing to the goals outlined in Vision 2030. Transforming Saudi Real Estate: The Impact of Technology and the “Real Estate Market” Platform Technology has disrupted traditional real estate practices globally, introducing online listings, virtual tours, blockchain transactions, and data analytics. The “Real Estate Market” platform in Saudi Arabia is a prime example of this. Launched by the Minister of Justice on August 27th, it offers a host of benefits for both property owners and buyers. The platform has already recorded more than 17,000 transactions worth 17,000 Billion and has attracted over 500,000 users in the first week. This is a testament to the potential of technology to streamline and enhance real estate practices. It’s exciting to see how these advancements will continue to shape the future of the real estate industry. Transparency and Reliability: How the Platform Improves in the Saudi Market The “Real Estate Market” platform significantly enhances transparency and reliability by providing accurate, up-to-date real estate information, eliminating intermediaries, and streamlining transactions. Users can manage their property portfolios, and execute subdivisions and mergers of title deeds, fostering a more efficient and trustworthy real estate market. Handling Escrow Accounts While the platform itself doesn’t directly handle escrow accounts, banks like Riyad Bank and SAIB offer specialized accounts ensuring secure transfer of funds in real estate transactions. The Real Estate Escrow Account (REEA) by Riyad Bank, for example, acts as an escrow agent, safeguarding the interests of both buyers and sellers. Digitizing Property Title Deeds Online The “Real Estate Market” platfo... --- ## Profit Sharing Contracts Under New Civil Transaction Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/profit-sharing-contracts-under-new-civil-transaction-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1228 > Introduction One of the popular forms of investments in the region is Mudarabah or Profit-Sharing Contract wherein a capital owner provides capital to an entrepreneur and the profit generated is... Introduction One of the popular forms of investments in the region is Mudarabah or Profit-Sharing Contract wherein a capital owner provides capital to an entrepreneur and the profit generated is shared between the parties. Many people prefer this arrangement primarily for two reasons, namely; (1) it enables them to participate in trade and business activities through people who have the knowledge and expertise; (2) the profit generated or income earned on capital invested is not treated or considered as interest. Mudarabah Principles The Law restates the principles and rules for Mudarabah contracts that are quite in line with the concept, norms and principles under Shariah. Besides the capital provided in cash form to the partner managing the project or enterprise (Mudareb), the amounts owed by Mudareb to the capital owner too could form capital of a Mudarabah contract. Moreover, any movable or immovable property provided by the capital owner to the Mudareb will be considered as capital. The value of such property would be evaluated on the basis of sound principles as agreed between the contracting parties[1]. One of the conditions of Mudarabah contract is that the capital is to be handed over to the Mudareb who will have full right to utilize and dispose of the capital subject to condition that he shall exercise the same care as he would exercise for the sake of his own property. In case, he receives a remuneration or a share in profit for his work, he is required not to fall below the standard expected of a reasonable person. Besides, he would not retain any of the assets derived from the capital for himself nor use it for himself [2]. Obligations of Mudareb The Mudareb is required to provide all information related to the activities of Mudarabah contract and statement of account upon expiration of the term and in case of an indefinite term contract, he should provide such statements at the end of every year. He is also bound to follow restrictions of time, place and type of business activities agreed with the capital owner. In case, the Mudarabah contract is of unrestricted nature, the Mudareb could conduct activities that are in accordance with the customary practice[1] . While the Law restricts the managing partner from combining the property of Mudarabah with his own property or providing the property of Mudarabah to any third party with the aim of engaging in Mudarabah activities unless the customary practice so permits or where the capital owner has explicitly authorized him to do so; yet, in cases where there are no such restrictions, the profit of every property is to be calculated pro rata its ratio to the combined property. Profit and Losses The Law specifically restricts parties from entering into any Mudarabah arrangements wherein the parties agree that the capital owner shall not be held liable for any capital loss. It furthers this argument and protects the Mudareb against any liability for any decrease in the value of capital without any wrong doing or negligence on his part. However, in case of any wrong-doing or negligence on part of the Mudareb, he shall be fully liable to compensate the capital owner for any capital loss and damages resulting therefrom[1]. The parties may agree on profit share of each contracting party under the Mudarabah arrangement. However, if there is no agreement, it will be determined on the basis of customary practice. It is important to note that like restrictions against insulating or guaranteeing the capital owner that there will no loss or decrease in the capital, the Law restricts any arrangement wherein any contracting party is guaranteed a fixed sum as profit. However, the parties may agree for equal sharing of profit or agree that profit in excess of certain limit shall exclusively accrue to one party. They may also agree on variation in profit share with the change in the amount of profit generated. The Law also allows parties to agree on fixed remuneration in consideration of a particular job by any of the parties. Although the parties shall be entitled to a profit share upon termination of the Mudarabah unless there is an The parties may agree on profit share of each contracting party under the Mudarabah arrangement. However, if there is no agreement, it will be determined on the basis of customary practice. It is important to note that like restrictions against insulating or guaranteeing the capital owner that there will no loss or decrease in the capital, the Law restricts any arrangement wherein any contracting party is guaranteed a fixed sum as profit. However, the parties may agree for equal sharing of profit or agree that profit in excess of certain limit shall exclusively accrue to one party. They may also agree on variation in profit share with the change in the amount of profit generated. The Law also allows parties to agree on fixed remuneration in consideration of a particular job by any of the parties. Although the parties shall be entitled... --- ## Lease Agreements Under New Civil Transaction Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/lease-agreements-under-new-civil-transaction-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1167 > Introduction Lease Agreements are very common and cover not only movable and immovable properties but also benefits and rights that can be used, utilized and exploited. A properly drafted and... Introduction Lease Agreements are very common and cover not only movable and immovable properties but also benefits and rights that can be used, utilized and exploited. A properly drafted and well-executed lease agreement protects the rights of all parties. Rent Similar to provisions related to determination of price for purchase and sale, the Law enables parties to decide on rental amount based on certain sound criteria. The rent could also be based on a lump sum amount plus a specific percentage of the proceeds or profits. Besides, the parties may agree on the mode and period of payments[1]. In case, only aggregate rent is indicated in the agreement covering several units without mentioning rent for each unit; the rent will not be changed in case the units are found to be more than the units mentioned in the agreement. However, if units happen to be lesser than what is mentioned in the agreement, the lessee may request for invalidating the contract. The Law also enables parties to execute a lease agreement to be commencing in a future period.[2]. Obligations of the Lessor While the Law requires the lessor to hand-over the leased property to the lessee in a condition that allows achievement of the intended purpose; yet, the lessor may refuse to handover the property unless the rent payable in advance is paid by the lessee[3]. The stipulation that the effects of handover of sold item shall be applicable to the handing over of the leased property, unless otherwise agreed, in effect, the Law transfers the responsibility for upkeep and care of the property to the lessee[4]. Although, the Law places the obligation of carrying out necessary repairs on the lessor and allows the lessee to do the repairs in case the lessor fails to do so; yet, the Law enables parties to decide anything contrary to such obligations placed on the lesser[5]. Unless otherwise agreed, if the lessee carries out repairs or constructions that are beneficial to the leased property with the consent of the lessor, he could claim reimbursement even if it is not stipulated in the contract. However, if the repairs or constructions are carried out by the lessee for his own benefit during the use, he shall have no right to claim any reimbursement [6]. Similar to the requirements for sale contracts, the lessor is required to warrant that the leased property shall be free of defects that will prevent or considerably impair the beneficial enjoyment of the property. In case any defect results in depriving the lessee wholly or partially of benefiting from the leased property, the lessee may request termination or reduction of the rent without prejudice to his right to compensation [7]. Obligations of the Lessee While the lessee is required to pay rent on the agreed dates, yet, the rent shall not be due for a period that has lapsed prior to the handover of the leased property unless the delayed handover was due to the act the lessee[8]. As noted above, with the handing over of the leased property, the responsibility of the upkeep transfers to the lessee, the Law obliges the lessee to compensate the lessor for any damage or loss that is caused to the leased property due to improper use or negligence on part of the lessee[9]. Although the Law requires that the leased property be used for the purposes stated in the contract, however, it obliges the lessee to use according to its intended purposes in case purpose is not mentioned in the lease contract[10]. The lessor will be entitled to carry out necessary maintenance works for the leased property with proper notification to the lessee; however, if such works cause inconvenience to the lessee, he will be entitled to terminate the contract or ask for reduction in the rent [11]. Upon expiration of the agreed leased term, the lessee is required to return the leased property in the condition he had received, with fair wear and tear excepted. The lessor will not only be entitled to rent but also compensation in case the lessee unlawfully retains the possession of the leased property [12]. The lessee is obliged to remove any constructions or plant on the leased property that he had created or installed, even if the same was constructed with the permission of the lessor and the lessor may request the removal of the construction at the expense of the lessee with compensation (if applicable) or the lessor may retain the same by paying an amount equal to the increase in value of the leased property due to the same. However, the lessee may request the removal of any construction or plant that he had created if the same would not cause damage to the leased property, even if the lessor objects[13]. While the lessee may not lease or assign the leased property without prior permission of the lessor and in case he does with the permission of the lessor, the obligations and restrictions imposed on him shall apply to the sub-lessee and the assignees[14]. Termination of Lease The lease agreement shall terminate upon expiratio... --- ## Sales Contracts Under New Civil Transaction Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/sales-contracts-under-new-civil-transaction-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1197 > Introduction Sale purchase agreements are common for numerous transactions covering movable and immovable properties. The Civil Transactions Law deals with issues surrounding the sale purchase transactions in a greater detail... Introduction Sale purchase agreements are common for numerous transactions covering movable and immovable properties. The Civil Transactions Law deals with issues surrounding the sale purchase transactions in a greater detail and fill in the gaps that emanate either due to silence by parties with regards to such transactions or ambiguities in contracts. Conditional Sale The Law deals at length with the situation arising from transactions that provide for deferred payments, price determination based on the prevailing market rate and completion of transaction on fulfilment of conditions etc. For instance, if the sale of property is based on sample, the Law requires the actual property being sold to be identical to the sample and in case the sample is lost or destroyed while being in the possession of any of the contracting parties, the statements of the other party will prevail unless proven otherwise by the party which had the possession[1]. The Law enables conditional sale of property, including sale made on condition of trial by the Purchaser during a specific period of time and if the period is not agreed, the Law requires the same to be determined on the basis of usual trial period and provides that the Purchaser shall have the right to terminate the sale even without trying the property provided that the seller is notified of termination. However, if the Purchaser waives his right with respect to termination explicitly or implicitly or the trial period expires or the sold property perishes or is damaged by the act of the Purchaser, the sale shall be deemed completed in consideration of the price agreed between the parties[2]. One of the important factors while entering into a sale purchase agreement is determination of price. The Law stipulates that the price should be based on a valid criteria and that includes determination of price based on the prevailing market price at the time and place of the sale. However, if the parties fail to set a price, the sale will not be considered invalid if the circumstances show that the parties intended to adopt the current market price[3]. While enabling for deferred payment of the price, the Law allows transfer of property to the purchaser before the payment of price, if the seller agrees for such transfer. At the same time, the Law allows the seller to retain the property until he receives the purchase price even if the purchaser has offered a collateral or security. However, in all cases, if the seller receives the price, the purchaser’s ownership of the sold property shall be deemed effective as of the time of execution of the sale[4]. Seller’s and Purchaser’s Obligations The Law has set several obligations upon the seller and the purchaser. The seller is required to provide two specific warranties. Firstly, the seller is required to warrant that the purchaser will not encounter any inconvenience in the course of benefitting from the property in whole or part and warrant that no third party’s right is involved in the property. Secondly, the seller is also obliged to provide warranties to the purchaser that the property is free from any defect that would diminish the value or usefulness for the intended purpose. The purchaser shall be entitled to either request invalidation of the contract or claim from the seller price difference, if a defect appears in the property. However, the seller will not be obliged to provide warranties if the purchaser was aware of the defect at the time of sale or he could have discovered the defect if he had carefully inspected the property, unless the seller warranted that the property is free from a specific defect or willfully concealed the defect. Besides, obliging the purchaser to inspect the condition of the property as soon as practically possible, the Law also places an obligation upon the purchaser to notify to the seller any defect within a reasonable time and if he fails to do so, the purchaser shall be deemed to have accepted the property with its defects. The parties may also agree to absolve the seller of compensation for any defect or agree on mechanism of reduction or increase in compensation[5]. Notably, the law provides for a statute of limitation of (180) days for seeking compensation for damages resulting from a defect in the property unless the seller has warranted the same for a longer period. However, this limitation will not be valid if it is proven that the concealment of the defect was a fraudulent act on part of the seller[6]. Therefore, it would be incumbent upon the purchaser to ask for a longer period for seeking compensation against any defect if the purchaser deems it apt. Regardless of whether or not the property was formally handed over to the purchaser, the purchaser would be deemed to have received the property and be obliged to pay the price if the sold property is destroyed or damaged while it was in the possession of the purchaser. However, if the damage occurs prior to the handover to the purcha... --- ## Compensation for Damages under Civil Transactions Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/compensation-for-damages-under-civil-transactions-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-24 Words: 1082 > Introduction Continuing the process of codification of laws and regulations with a view to have clarity vis-à-vis application and interpretation of different situations, conditions and circumstances by all parties including... Introduction Continuing the process of codification of laws and regulations with a view to have clarity vis-à-vis application and interpretation of different situations, conditions and circumstances by all parties including the judiciary, Saudi Arabia has promulgated Civil Transactions Law, the “Law” which will become effective on 21 December, 2023[1]. The Law will be applicable even to incidents, contracts and arrangements that were entered before the Law would become effective, with a few exceptions[2] . Compensation for Damages The Law reiterates the principle of making good the damages sustained by any party and extends this principle to situations where the parties have not agreed in advance in such regard or do not have any contract as well as incidents and acts of omission that were not anticipated. Wrongful Acts Any wrongful act, causing any harm to others, shall render the person who committed the act liable for damages. However, it exempts the person from any liability if the act was committed to defend himself, his property or honor provided that the self-defense did not exceed the necessary limits. Similarly, if the damage was caused by a person in order to avoid more serious damage to himself or others, the person will not be held liable for damages save to the appropriate extent determined by the court[3]. Moral Damage One of the important issues, which was not dealt so clearly earlier, relates to compensation for a moral damage. This provision includes psychological damage sustained by a person as a result of offending the person’s body, freedom, honor, reputation and social standing. The courts are mandated to assess moral damages and award appropriate compensation[4]. Quantification of damages As far as quantification of compensation is concerned, the Law provides for compensation that should be adequate or sufficient to remove the damage in full by restoring the aggrieved party to its possible or supposed pre-damage position. Continuing with the principle of fairness, the Law provides that the compensation should be proportional to the losses sustained and profits lost by the aggrieved person as a direct result of the wrongful act and the aggrieved party was not able to avoid it by making reasonable efforts expected of a prudent person[5]. Generally speaking, the compensation will be assessed in terms of monetary value and the courts may, according to circumstances, award compensation in-kind[6]. Statutory Limitations The claims for compensation for damages will not be heard after lapse three years following the date on which the aggrieved party became aware of the damage and the identity of the person liable for it[7]. Damages in Lieu of Performance The Law requires the obligor (the person required to fulfill his obligations) to provide for damages in case the specific performance became impossible or delayed to the extent that it became useless for the person towards whom the obligation was due or there were damages sustained by that person due to delay in performance by the obligor. However, the damages will not be awarded if the obligor proves that the non-performance was due to a cause beyond the obligor’s reasonable control[8]. While the Law allows parties to agree on relieving the obligor from damages arising from non-performance or delayed performance, yet, it disallows any agreement for relief from liability arising out of a wrongful act[9]. Liquidated Damages This component in any contract is always crucial to ensure that the parties will perform their obligations in a timely manner and the party failing to perform its obligations will be liable to compensate the party sustaining damages. While enabling parties to agree about liquidated damages in advance in the subject contract or a supplementary agreement, it does not require any notices for the damages becoming due under the contract[10] . However, in the absence of any agreement related to liquidated damages, the damages will become due only after a notice is served upon the obligor[11.] Notably, the Law stipulates that the liquidated damages will not become due if the obligor proves that the obligee did not sustain any damage. Further, the courts will have the power to reduce the amount of the agreed liquidated damages if the obligor establishes that the liquidated damages were overestimated. Conversely, the courts may increase the liquidated damages in proportion to the damage sustained if the aggrieved party proves that the damages have exceeded the agreed liquidated damages as a result of fraud or gross lapse on part of the obligor. The Law specifically disallows any agreement to supersede or circumvent the provisions related to liquidated damages[12]. If there is no agreement in regard of liquidated damages, the courts will assess the same in accordance with the provisions related to compensation for damages. Conclusion Firstly, the Law has clearly established the rights of the parties affected or harmed by any wrongful ... --- ## Contracts & Agreements under New Civil Transactions Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/contracts-agreements-under-new-civil-transactions-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-06-29 Words: 1084 > Introduction Civil Transactions Law of Saudi Arabia that has codified the principles and rules covering civil transactions will come into force on 21 December, 2023. This note summarizes and comments... Introduction Civil Transactions Law of Saudi Arabia that has codified the principles and rules covering civil transactions will come into force on 21 December, 2023. This note summarizes and comments on major provisions related to formation, validity and termination of contracts. Pillars of Contract Firstly, the Civil Transactions Law reiterates the pillars of contract, the essential components without which no contract can be considered as legally valid, enforceable and invokable. The Law prescribes in detail the conditions related to offer and acceptance. One of the main requirements for offer and acceptance to be valid is consent by persons having legal capacity to enter into contract and such intent is to be explicitly expressed[1]. While expression of intent could be verbal or in any understandable sign or through an actual deed, unless otherwise stipulated under any statutory provision or the nature of the underlying transaction[2]. Although an offeror may retract its offer before the acceptance is expressed; however, in case the offer did not have a fixed term, the offeror will be obliged to notify the person to whom the offer was addressed; otherwise, the offeror would be liable to indemnify the accepting party for damages sustained by the latter[3]. The offer shall be deemed expired upon expiration of term or retraction by the offeror or being declined implicitly or explicitly by the person to whom the offer was made. Any amendment included in the acceptance shall mean that the person has declined the offer and proposed a new offer or counter offer[4] . Generally speaking, silence shall not be construed as acceptance; however, if there is a former dealing between the parties and if the offer is connected to such dealing, the silence will be considered as acceptance[5] . The Law provides that negotiations between parties will not oblige parties to enter into contract; however, termination of negotiation in bad faith or lack of seriousness would entitle the party sustaining damages to seek compensation[6]. The law also enables parties to have a framework agreement determining the basic terms governing the contract that the parties will execute and the same shall be deemed an integral part of the contracts. Furthermore, reference to provisions of any standard document or specific rules or other instructions shall also be deemed an integral part of the contract[1] . It goes without saying that such referenced instruments might not have been concluded between the same parties. Invalidation of Contract The Law allows a party to request invalidation of the contract if that party had made a fundamental mistake without which it would not have given consent to the contract provided that the other contracting party too committed the same mistake or had been aware of the mistake or could have easily detected the mistake. However, a mere material mistake in calculation or text shall not affect the validity of the contract[1]. While allowing parties to request invalidation of a contract if the same was made under force or coercion, the Law provides for courts to invalidate a contract or lessen the aggrieved party’s obligations or increase the other party’s obligations if a contracting party had taken advantage of an apparent weakness or a pressing need of the other contracting party[1] . Similarly, in cases of standard form contracts containing unfair conditions, the Law enables courts to either amend such unfair conditions or relieve the party having the inferior bargaining position in accordance with the principles of justice. Any agreement to the contrary shall be considered as null and void[2] . This way, the Law protects the rights of parties that are weak or might have entered into a contract due to coercion or certain pressing need. Provisions for invalidation request on account of injustice are not at par with the provisions related to invalidation due to coercion. Besides, such an invalidation cannot be made merely on the grounds of injustice and such request shall be determined on the basis of the customary practices[3]. While existence of an invalid condition will not invalidate the entire contract, yet the Law provides that if the party requesting invalidation proves that it would not have consented without that particular condition, the contract might be held invalid in its entirely[4]. Moreover, any contract whose underlying object is illegitimate shall be null and void[5]. Any request for invalidating a contract shall not be heard after the lapse of one year following the date of becoming aware of the reason for invalidation and in all cases, no request for invalidation of the contract shall be entertained after the lapse of ten years from the date of signing of the contract[1]. Like the effect of termination of contract before its expiration, in cases of invalidation or invalidity of the contract, the parties shall be restored to their original positions before the contract was made and if such r... --- ## Overview of KSA Civil Transaction Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/overview-of-ksa-civil-transaction-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 226 > AlGhazzawi & Partners specializes in civil transaction law, providing legal guidance on civil transactions and the legal landscape in Saudi Arabia. Overview of KSA Civil Transaction Law One of the notable features of the Law is its applicability to incidents, contracts and agreements that were entered before the effective date of the Law with the exception of incidents covered by any statutory provision or judicial principle related to the underlying incident and conflicting with the Law. Although the title indicates ‘civil transactions’; yet, the Law contains provisions that are meant to regulate both civil and commercial matters insofar as they are not governed by other statuto-ry laws and provisions under the laws covering those transactions. For instance, the Law briefly covers issues related to Memorandum of Association related to companies; however, the provi-sions will not be applicable to companies formed under the Companies Law, 1443 H.2 Download the Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk (PDF) To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact the New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the Civil Transaction Law Overview (PDF) Overview of KSA Civil Transaction Law Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Contracts & Agreements URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/contracts-agreements/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 294 > Contracts & Agreements It is common to find people talking about contracts in a way that whatever is stipulated therein or whatever is agreed between parties should invariably be considered... Contracts & Agreements It is common to find people talking about contracts in a way that whatever is stipulated therein or whatever is agreed between parties should invariably be considered valid, lawful, and enforceable. In jurisdictions that either apply Shari’a in full or use it as guidance, the verse of the Holy Quran that obliges parties to fulfill contracts (Chapter 5 – Verse 1) “O believers! Honor your obligations” is often quoted in support of this argument. What is ignored and overlooked is the condition that such a basis and argument will only be valid when they are not in conflict with the laws and regulations. The main purpose of any contract is to protect the rights of parties as well as ensure that the parties to the contract shall fulfill their obligations in word and spirit. They also act as a recap of what has been agreed by the parties. Agreements and contracts are never meant to let one party exploit the situation of the other even if the other party had agreed to such provisions therein. Certainly, while adjudicating disputes, courts will also determine the true intent of parties to the contract. Download the Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk (PDF) To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact the New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the full article regarding the Misconceptions of Contracts’ Enforceability PDF Contracts and Agreements Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Objections against Judgments URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/objections-against-judgments/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 159 > Saudi Arabia's premier law firm for corporate, banking, and insolvency matters. Build confidence and ensure legal compliance with our expert team. Objections against Judgments The Rules of Implementation for Objections against Judgments issued vide Ministerial Decree No: 512 dated 05/01/1445 H. (23 July 2023), the “Rules” replaces completely the Rules of Implementation related to the appeal process dated 21/09/1440 and Section Eleven of the Rules of Implementation of Civil Procedural Law (related to methods of Objections against Judgments). Download the Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk (PDF) To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact the New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the Rules of Implementation for Objections against Judgments PDF Objections against Judgments Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/simplified-joint-stock-companies-versus-limited-liability-companies-under-new-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 1067 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law One of the first steps that should be determined by... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law One of the first steps that should be determined by investors and entrepreneurs when setting up a business is determining the right form of company from both the business and legal perspectives. The new Saudi Companies Law that became effective as of 19 January 2023 (Law) provides for five distinct forms of companies, namely general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock, simplified joint stock, and limited liability. This short article discusses the key differences between the simplified joint stock company (SJSC) and limited liability company (LLC) forms to help businesses understand the pros and cons of both forms, and provide a glimpse of the salient features of each business type. The SJSC form is a recent concept being propagated in different jurisdictions, and Saudi Arabia too has added it as a separate form of company in the new Law. As the name suggests, SJSC is a joint stock company, but with a simplified form which makes it closer to an LLC from different legal aspects. It has been designed to suit small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and provides them with greater flexibility to conduct their businesses while availing them of the benefits of a joint stock company form. In France, this form has become the most popular form in view of the flexibility offered by the company regulations of the jurisdiction. Key Differences Seen in the light of the provisions under the Law, the SJSC form combines the benefits that are available to limited liability companies. These include no minimum capital requirements, the possibility of having in-kind capital without the need for evaluation if such capital is less than half of the total capital, ease of management, ease of setting up, and ease of passing shareholders’ resolutions. SJSCs also have the features of joint stock companies in terms of limitation of liability of shareholders to the extent of shares owned by them, the ability to increase capital to the extent of the authorized capital without the need to obtain separate consent by the extraordinary general assembly of shareholders, ease of transferring shares, and the ability to create different kinds of shares including redeemable shares. In fact, if seen from a broad angle, the key difference between the two forms surrounds trading in shares which the SJSC permits; partners in LLCs are not able to trade in shares. It is easier for shareholders to assign, transfer and sell their shares in SJSC whereas in LLC, assignment, transfer and sale of interests require satisfying the first right of refusal by the existing partners in the company. It is important to note that the Law enables an SJSC to provide for a lock-in period not exceeding 10 years for the disposal of shares as well as obtaining the consent of the company or the shareholders for disposal. The Law also enables shareholders to oblige a shareholder to assign his shares against a fair value or a value computed in the manner provided in the AoA. However, the Law requires the unanimous consent of shareholders to add all these restrictive provisions in the AoA. Besides the easy transferability of shares, an SJSC may also issue different kinds of shares, including redeemable shares or convertible debt instruments. This enables an SJSC to tap the financial markets to raise funds without diluting equity simultaneously. Moreover, an SJSC may restrict the involvement of some shareholders in decision-making by issuing preferential or preferred shares wherein the shareholders holding such shares will accept to have no voting rights in the ordinary and extraordinary general assembly of shareholders against higher dividends or other benefits and preferences than the normal shareholders. The SJSC model is most suitable and preferable to accommodate venture capital required mostly by start-ups. Of course, both the LLC form and SJSC form allow companies to raise monies by means of debt instruments. However, an LLC will not be able to issue any convertible debentures. If there is an intent to list the company on a stock exchange at any time, the shareholders will have the choic... --- ## Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/closure-of-companies-under-new-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-24 Words: 1974 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law As companies are set up to carry out economic activities, they sometimes need to... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law As companies are set up to carry out economic activities, they sometimes need to be closed down or terminated for a variety of reasons. Understanding the requirements, procedures, and processes for the closure of companies is important for several reasons. Besides the direct interests of partners and shareholders, there may be other stakeholders whose interests, too, need to be duly protected before the closure of a company or its merger with another entity or division into several entities. The Saudi Arabian Companies Law promulgated vide Royal Decree No: (M\132) dated 01\02\1443 H. along with the Rules of its Implementation (Law), which became effective as of 19 January, 2023 cover in detail the manner in which the five forms of companies can be closed or terminated. Except for a few provisions related to the closure or continuation of companies which are stated in specific sections, the provisions for closure and the process of closure are mostly addressed under Section Twelve of the Law. Continuation of Company As a general provision, the Law enables a company set up in any form to continue in case of death; removal; withdrawal or interdiction; bankruptcy or insolvency of any of the partners unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Association (AoA) or the partners failing to fulfill certain requirements prescribed by the Law for the continuation of the company[1]. There are, however, certain exceptions where a company will be obliged to terminate by the force of law. For instance, if a partner who is solely licensed to practice a profession loses their license permanently and fails to rectify the situation within a grace period of six months or any extended period approved by the competent agency, the company shall be obliged to take procedures for closure.[2] Unlike the old law, the new Law has eliminated the provision concerning the termination of a company by the force of law when the losses of a limited liability reach half of its paid-up capital and the partners or shareholders fail to decide to continue or dissolve the company within the prescribed period. This is provided, however, that an entity having an interest shall have the right to seek judicial intervention to dissolve the company in the event of the partners or shareholders not taking the appropriate procedures to deal with the losses[3]. Creditors’ Rights During Division/Split of a Company & Mergers While enabling the division or split of a company into two or more, even if it is in a liquidation stage, the Law provides that partners or shareholders have the right to transfer the assets, rights, and obligations among the companies resulting from such a split. However, the law adequately protects the rights of creditors who may request the company which is undergoing the split, or the companies resulting from the division, to satisfy the debts and obligations of the company being split. Similarly, the creditors of a company undergoing a merger are entitled to object to the merger and register their objection within 15 days of the announcement of the merger. The company shall be required to fulfill the debt of the objecting creditor if it is due or provide sufficient guarantees if the debt will be due later. If the debt is not fulfilled or sufficient guarantees are not provided to the creditor, the creditor will be entitled to request intervention by the competent judicial authority to suspend the merger within a period of ten days before the date fixed for the merger. The competent court may order the suspension of the merger if it determines that the merger might cause serious damage to the objecting creditor. The Law further adds that the competent authority may decide to indemnify the creditor for damages caused in case there was any delay in the issuance of the decision before the date of the merger. Liquidation Provisions A company will terminate upon expiration of its term if stipulated in the constitutional documents and subject to following and fulfilling the required procedures. However, the Law provides that the term of a limited liability company will be deemed to have been renewed for... --- ## Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/responsibilities-of-managers-under-new-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 367 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law The powers and authorities of managers of companies assume greater importance and significance for... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law The powers and authorities of managers of companies assume greater importance and significance for a variety of reasons. As the assets of the company are placed at the disposal of managers, and they receive unhindered access to all information about the company, its short-term and long-term business plans, and financial and investment perspectives, their powers and authorities must be properly regulated. Managers and board members of LLCs and JSCs enter into contracts and agreements with third parties whose interests, too, must be protected. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the Saudi Arabian Companies Law, 1443 H. we have put together this downloadable guide, which duly covers the responsibilities and liabilities of managers. We encourage you to download this guide to learn more about these changes and their impact on your business and managerial roles. [Download the Powers, Responsibilities & Limitations for Managers Under New Companies Law Guide (PDF)] To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact the New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download Manager Responsibilities Under New Companies Law PDF Manager Responsibilities Under New Companies Law PDF Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/provisions-for-debt-instruments-financing-sukuk-under-new-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 400 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Corporations have traditionally been dependent on equity, debt, or a... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Corporations have traditionally been dependent on equity, debt, or a combination of the two to raise capital for the financing of projects. Over time, both the equity and debt markets have evolved, and there are now new concepts and products worldwide to be used by businesses. Both equity and debt require an appropriate regulatory regime to protect the interests of all involved in these transactions, like convertible bonds, redeemable share, and Financing Sukuk. With the enactment of the new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia, new provisions have been implemented for debt instruments and Financing Sukuk in Saudi Arabia to help mitigate these new transactions and the changing markets. In this downloadable PDF we have created a guide to the different provisions that have been implemented in the new Companies Law. The PDF aims to identify the changes in regulations and explain the different categories for the issuance of debt instruments under the Capital Market Law. Download the Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk (PDF) To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact the New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law PDF Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Proposed Regulations for Special Economic Zones in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/proposed-regulations-for-special-economic-zones-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 1938 > As announced by Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman on 13 April 2023, four special economic zones (SEZs) will be established in Saudi Arabia. With each SEZ having a distinct area... As announced by Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman on 13 April 2023, four special economic zones (SEZs) will be established in Saudi Arabia. With each SEZ having a distinct area of focus, investors setting up entities in these SEZs will be taxed at 5% corporate tax for the first 20 years, 0% VAT on goods procured by the entity from others in the SEZ or from other sources inside or outside the Kingdom, 0% withholding for repatriating profits, customs duties deferral for goods inside SEZ or 0% Custom duties on capital equipment and inputs inside SEZ, and exemption from expat levy for employees and their families. With a plan to regulate the economic activities of companies in the SEZs, the Economic Cities and Special Zones Authority (ECSZA) has issued drafts of three Regulations: Companies Regulations, Labor Regulations, and Tax & Customs Regulations which will be applicable for entities set up in the SEZs. The draft Regulations are open to feedback and suggestions until 21 May 2023. It is anticipated that the Regulations will be promulgated shortly thereafter. Click here to download the Special Economic Zone Proposed Law (Arabic) PDF. Provisions Under Companies Regulations The Companies Regulations draft contains several features that are quite different to the Companies Law in the Kingdom. The Companies Regulations stipulate that companies set up in the SEZs shall be treated as limited liability companies (LLCs), yet, unlike the Saudi Companies Law, the capital will be represented through different classes of shares. These shares must all be paid up, and the value of the shares must not be lower than the nominal value fixed for the shares, a mechanism that is available only to joint stock & simplified joint stock companies under the Companies Law. Companies will be required to issue a share certificate in either a paper or electronic form evidencing the ownership of shares. As is the norm in most of the free zones throughout the world, the Regulations prohibit issuance of any bearer share. Transferability of shares in accordance with the provisions in the Articles of Association (AoA) and the provision of drag along and tag along rights simplify the mechanism of M&A activity. Extending the concept of one stop solution, upon receipt of application from investors, the competent authority set up by the ECSZA will issue a trading license & company registration as well as deposit and publish the AoA of the company. Another unique feature of the Companies Regulations is the ability of companies in the SEZs to suspend carrying out their activities for a period no more than 12 months. This will enable companies set up under SEZs to opt for suspension for any reason instead of full closure. Like the Saudi Arabian Companies Law, the Companies Regulations provide for the setting up of a single person LLC, as well as allows companies inside any of the four SEZs, or existing anywhere in Saudi Arabia to set up branch offices inside any of the SEZs. While the Companies Regulations require for a fair valuation of in-kind shares for fixing of share price and issuance of a detailed decision by the manager or board covering the valuation, it does not place a condition that the valuation be done by an accredited evaluator nor provides for any ceiling for such shares. Companies shall be required to maintain registers covering the details of shareholders, managers, mortgages, debt instruments & Financing Sukuk and minutes of meetings. Besides allowing shareholders and holders of debt instruments to inspect the registers, any person may request the competent department to inspect the registers against a fee. Like the Saudi Companies Law, the Companies Regulations leave the management of the company to be determined by the AoA of the company and empowers the managers or the board to take all decisions except on matters, which are reserved, by the AoA or the Companies Regulations to be determined by the assemblies of shareholders. Besides prescribing certain minimum conditions for a person to be appointed as a manager or a board member, the Companies Regulations require the managers to be diligent, sincere, and loyal towards the company, and to avoid conflicts and disclose all direct or indirect interests. However, unlike the Saudi Companies Law, there is no specific provision enabling the managers to undertake works of the company with the approval of the shareholders. With a few exceptions, the Companies Regulations require a simple majority of the shareholders present at the general assembly for adopting any resolution and a 75% vote of shareholders present at the special assembly of shareholders of certain class of shares for adopting resolutions affecting the rights of those shareholders. However, it allows companies to prescribe higher percentages in the AoA for adopting such resolutions. Increase or decrease of capital shall be subject to approval by a majority vote of shareholders representing no less than 75% capital, provid... --- ## Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/provisions-for-not-for-profit-companies-under-new-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 412 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law The Not-for-Profit sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has great economic potential... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law The Not-for-Profit sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has great economic potential and is poised for rapid growth. In line with Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia set up a National Center for Non-Profit Sector in 2019 with the objective of developing the Non-Profit sector and achieving greater impact in the social and economic arenas through different means. With the enactment of the new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia, new provisions have been implemented for Not-for-Profit companies (NPC) in Saudi Arabia to help that the nature and objectives of NPCs are maintained through their existence and closure. In this downloadable PDF, we have created an easy-to-understand explanation of the different provisions that have been implemented for NPCs in Saudi Arabia. The PDF aims to provide a clear and easy-to-understand explanation of these provisions so that individuals and organizations interested in establishing or working with NPCs in Saudi Arabia can have a better understanding of the regulatory environment in which they operate. [Download the Provisions for Not-for-Profit Companies Guide (PDF)] To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact this New Law may have on you and your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law PDF Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Navigating the Legal Landscape of Real Estate and Construction in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/navigating-the-legal-landscape-of-real-estate-and-construction-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 1111 > The real estate and construction sector serves as a backbone for any economy, and hosts of industries depend on it to grow and prosper. Saudi Arabia has always enabled this... The real estate and construction sector serves as a backbone for any economy, and hosts of industries depend on it to grow and prosper. Saudi Arabia has always enabled this sector to develop and flourish. At the same time, the activities covering real estate and construction must be properly regulated to protect the interests of all stakeholders. Besides addressing the need for residential, commercial, and industrial space, the sector plays a significant role in attracting investment, boosting investment activities, and developing and sustaining infrastructure. Legal Aspects Matters covering real estate & construction encompass transactions from the simple leasing of a property for a fixed period to complex and complicated transactions combining different components stretching from the leasing of real estate and development; these transactions can involve factors including project finance, securitization, mortgages, and debt instruments. These complex transactions require an in-depth analysis both from commercial and legal perspectives. In fact, legal factors weigh quite heavily in all transactions covering real estate development, especially projects wherein multiple parties get involved. It can be challenging for some legal practitioners to guide their clients in protecting their interests and stakes in such complex projects. These issues require a thorough knowledge of the principles of contract and the regulatory framework under the jurisdiction covering a myriad of issues, and a deeper insight to foresee the problems that may crop up during the implementation phase and address them. All through the phases of preparatory and drafting work, a legal team will need to determine different aspects of the project and come up with strategies that will not only protect its client but also be acceptable to all other parties to the contract. At the same time, the proposed solutions must be fully compliant with the regulatory regime. Properly detailing the scope of works for each party and statement of rights and obligations of parties, contractual and legal remedies for breaches, termination & consequences of termination, and choice of law and venue ensure smooth enforcement of the contract through all the stages. Legal Challenges What might sometimes look like a straightforward leasing or acquisition of a property can become complicated for various reasons. For instance, one of the issues that may crop up during a real estate transaction could be changes in land zoning regulations covering the subject property, issues ensuing from concessions granted on the property for the public good, challenges to the title by a public or private entity, disputes related to mortgages and lien attached to the property, or inability to obtain a mortgage on the property. Similarly, while it is common for parties to agree to compensation or damages in case of breach by any party or failure by a party to fulfil its obligations, enforcing them may become burdensome if the relevant provisions are not drafted bearing in mind the regulatory regime and foresight as to how courts or arbitrators would view such provisions. Besides being capital intensive, the rights & obligations covering some transactions may run into years and even decades. Therefore, structuring such transactions requires deeper insight, planning, and legal prudence. One of the challenges posed by contracts spread over several years is risk coverage in view of any of the parties to the contract becoming insolvent or failing to fulfill its financial obligations. Adequate coverage of these risks requires legal foresight to build different scenarios and determine what protections and legal remedies will be available to the client. Here, the legal team would need to review the relevant sections in the bankruptcy law to see how it could provide a cushion and structure the transaction in a manner where the rights of its client will have priority over other debtors or the possibility of seeking attachment to assets of the defaulter in its favor. It could develop provisions requiring negotiable and non-negotiable instruments or guarantees to cover these adverse situations. Dispute Resolution The Real Estate and Construction Industry has evolved universally, and several new concepts and structures are being deployed for different types of projects. Covering risks for these innovative solutions may become difficult from a legal perspective. As no precedents or case law cover disputes resulting from such innovative transactions, legal practitioners may find it hard to predict outcomes or build arguments before courts. In all cases, one of the core issues which may require extensive deliberations during contract drafting is how differences or disputes would be resolved. Although arbitration is usually considered appropriate for resolving construction-related disputes, as it allows parties to appoint engineers or legal practitioners with construction law backgrounds as arbitrators... --- ## Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/provisions-for-joint-stock-companies-under-the-new-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 1554 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under New Companies Law Introduction: The newly enacted Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under New Companies Law Introduction: The newly enacted Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective on 16 January, 2023. The companies are required to change their constitutional documents (Articles of Association or Articles of Incorporation) in order to amend, change and remove the articles that are in conflict with the provisions in the Law and more importantly to do away with the restrictions that were mandated in the old law or avail of flexibility accorded by the Law. The part which has undergone an extensive and comprehensive revisions is the ‘Joint Stock Companies’ Section which is quite understandable as JSCs needs to be more regulated in view of larger participation by investors and shareholders whose interests are to be protected besides the fact that JSCs may opt to list on stock exchanges. Empowering the Shareholders: While maintaining a few thresholds for protecting the interests of all stakeholders, the Law empowers the shareholders to determine such thresholds through Articles of Association or general assemblies. For instance, the Law allows the general assembly to determine dividends in the percentage it deems appropriate unlike the earlier provision requiring its determination as per the percentage stipulated in the AoA. Similarly, it leaves upon the company’s AoA to determine the manner in which the dividends shall be paid to the shareholders of preferential stocks or redeemable shares instead of mandating payment of a higher percentage of dividends to them compared to those holding common stock as was the requirement under the old law. The Law does not stipulate presence of a minimum number of board members for a board meeting to be valid and leaves it to shareholders to stipulate such a provision in the AoA, provided however, that at least half of the board members will have be present in any board meeting unless the AoA stipulates a higher number. It does not provide any ceiling on compensation for board members and leaves it to the discretion of the ordinary general assembly which is expected to determine the compensation in a fair and equitable manner. Another significant addition is enabling shareholders representing at least 90% of the capital to stipulate in the AoA that the majority shareholders may force the minority to agree to sell their shares in the company to a buyer at the price and terms against which the majority would be selling their shares and the minority shareholders obliging the majority to guarantee the sale of shares of the their at the same terms. The Law continues to allow the extraordinary general assembly to suspend the preemptive rights of shareholders to participate in the capital increase if it is deemed to be in the company’s interest. While the Law provides broad powers to the Board of Directors for managing the company, it has placed restrictions on issues that the AoA requires to be determined by the ordinary general assembly. The Law requires approval of the general assembly for sale of assets amounting to a sum exceeding 50% of the total assets of the company. Although, the Law requires shareholders representing 25% of the share capital for an ordinary general assembly to be valid, it allows a higher percentage to be determined in the AoA, provided however, that it does not exceed 50%. In all cases, it provides for a mechanism where no quorum will be necessary for conducting ordinary general assembly third time. Ease of restrictions and requirements: With a view to provide flexibility to companies from different aspects, the Law has removed several restrictions that were hitherto placed on JSCs. There is no requirement of completion of two fiscal years before the shares of JSCs could be traded. It does allow companies to place certain restrictions on trading of shares; yet, it stipulates that such restrictions should not result in an absolute prohibition. In order to enable companies to plan its short term and long term financing, the Law does not restrict conversion of debt instruments into shares if the holder of debt instrument refuses for such conversion as long as the debt instruments were issued... --- ## An Overview of Simplified Joint Stock Companies URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/an-overview-of-simplified-joint-stock-companies/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 335 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] An Overview of Simplified Joint Stock Companies As of 19 January 2023, the new Saudi Arabian Companies Law introduced a new... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less An Overview of Simplified Joint Stock Companies As of 19 January 2023, the new Saudi Arabian Companies Law introduced a new form of company, namely, the Simplified Joint Stock Company (SJSC). SJSCs have been designed to offer small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) greater flexibility to conduct their businesses while availing the benefits of a joint stock company form. SJSCs provide advantages similar to those provided by the law for limited liability companies and the benefits enjoyed by joint stock companies. To gain a comprehensive understanding of SJSCs in Saudi Arabia, AlGhazzawi & Partners has prepared a free PDF guide. This guide offers insights into the unique features of SJSCs and important features such as changes in managing capital, management, general assemblies, and shares. Download our free PDF guide to learn more about SJSCs in Saudi Arabia and understand their benefits for your business. If you have any questions about simplified joint stock companies and whether the changes apply to you, please get in touch with us, and we will be happy to assist you. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the Simplified Joint Stock Companies PDF Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under New Companies Law Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Mandatory Work Rules Regulation Policy for Employers URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/mandatory-work-rules-regulation-policy-for-employers/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 184 > As per the Saudi Arabian Labor Law issued under Royal Decree No: M/51_ dated 23/08/1426 H. and amendments, employers are required to have an approved Work Rules Regulations Policy, and... As per the Saudi Arabian Labor Law issued under Royal Decree No: M/51_ dated 23/08/1426 H. and amendments, employers are required to have an approved Work Rules Regulations Policy, and failure to comply may lead to penalties. In this downloadable PDF, we will discuss the key aspects of the policy, including the requirement for all entities to issue the policy, the two types of policies, new tools implemented to help submit drafts of company policy, the penalties for non-compliance, and how AlGhazzawi & Partners can help you ensure compliance. We are an accredited law firm that can assist in reviewing and submitting the Work Rules Regulations Policy to the Ministry for approval. If you have any questions about the policy and how it may affect your business, please get in touch with us, and we will be happy to assist you. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the Mandatory Work Rules Regulation Policy for Employers​ Mandatory Work Rules Regulation Policy for Employers Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Investment Opportunities & Requirements for Doing Businesses in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/investment-opportunities-requirements-for-doing-businesses-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 1313 > Saudi Arabia is predicted to be one of the world’s fastest-growing economies during this decade, according to the World Economic Outlook of October 2022 released by the International Monetary Fund.1... Saudi Arabia is predicted to be one of the world’s fastest-growing economies during this decade, according to the World Economic Outlook of October 2022 released by the International Monetary Fund.1 Saudi Arabia has committed to encouraging business investment in the Kingdom and welcomes foreign investors to engage in the Saudi market and be a part of its economic expansion. The Regional Head Quarters (RHQ) program launched in 2022, inviting companies to relocate their RHQ to Saudi Arabia. This program also announced that governmental agencies and public entities would not contract with any company not having its RHQ in The Kingdom. In a recent statement earlier this month to the British Financial Times, the Saudi Minister of Investment, Khalid Al-Falih, stated that multinationals relocating their RHQ to Saudi Arabia would only be taxed on limited profits, adding that companies relocating this year are more likely to get a tax exemption.2 The Kingdom currently imposes a 20% corporate income tax on profits. These initiatives are part of a large-scale strategy to convert Saudi Arabia into a center of commerce and finance to reduce the Kingdom’s reliance on oil revenues. Continuing its drive to expand the economy in different sectors, Saudi Arabia has undertaken several Mega and Giga projects, including NEOM, The Line, and the ‘Murabaa,’ currently representing the most ambitious developments under construction and offering promising investment prospects. With Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s Vision 2030 plans, His Excellency officially announced the launch of the development of the largest downtown in the city of Riyadh, targeting future economic development in the Kingdom. Major Saudi corporations are set to invest hundreds of billions of dollars on new projects during the next ten years, which would draw multinationals to the Kingdom.3 This article will focus on the Kingdom’s investment requirements, different license types, and the available routes to start your investment journey in Saudi Arabia. Investment Opportunities – MISA Release of 2022 3Q Investment Highlights Report Saudi Arabia has strengthened its competitiveness, as demonstrated by the Kingdom’s seventh ranking in the G20 and 24th overall, rising eight ranks from 2021. The Kingdom’s current economic growth rate is the highest in a decade, according to figures issued this month by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT). In a recent brief by the Government’s Centre for Communications, Minister of Commerce Majid Al-Qasabi stated that the Kingdom’s economy is the highest among G20 countries and ranked first in ease of starting a business. According to MISA’s Investment statistics, the food services sector witnessed a 263% growth rate in the year 2022, and the real estate sector saw a 233% growth rate. Recognition is rightly given to the new Companies Law 1444 H which offers an updated framework that significantly simplifies the registration and management of companies in the Kingdom, improving governance and streamlining investment routes. Besides easing restrictions on operation and management of companies, the law has enabled companies to tap into debt markets. Over a thousand business investment opportunities are currently listed by MISA across all different sectors with a particularly high demand in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, tourism and entertainment, chemicals, environment services, and real estate. International Investment Agreements with 24+ Countries Saudi Arabia has entered into international investment agreements with over 24 countries in the world. This is in line with the Government’s efforts to advance mutual investments and promote business partnerships between the kingdom and international private sectors. Additionally, these agreements seek to develop ways to expand investment-related collaborations in a variety of industries, such as clean energy, petrochemicals, advanced manufacturing, automobiles, and healthcare, and encourage businesses to take advantage of the Kingdom’s investment prospects. These agreements seek to strengthen economic cooperation between States and intend to create favorable conditions for investments by investors of one contracting party in the territory of the other contracting party, and to boost prosperity in their respective territories; recognizing that encouragement and protection of such investments will benefit the economic prosperity of all investing States. Investment Law, Requirements & License Types The Foreign Investment Law (FIL) regulates investment in Saudi Arabia and sets out the rules and regulations to carry out business in the Kingdom. Foreign investors may obtain more than one license for different activities, with necessary requirements specified in the law’s implementation regulations – those usually vary according to the different types of activities. Companies formed under the FIL may either be jointly owned by foreign investors and Saudi nationals or be 100% ... --- ## Setting Up of Regional Headquarters by Foreign Entities URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/setting-up-of-regional-headquarters-by-foreign-entities/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 822 > On 7 March 2023, the Council of Ministers formally approved the Initiative for attracting multinationals to set up regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia. Earlier, the Regulations related to contracting by... On 7 March 2023, the Council of Ministers formally approved the Initiative for attracting multinationals to set up regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia. Earlier, the Regulations related to contracting by governmental entities with the foreign entities, which do not have regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia (Regulations) were approved by the Council of Ministers on 22 December 2022 under Decree No: 377 dated 03/06/1444 H. Starting January 2024, the Regulations related to governmental agencies contracting with foreign entities not having their regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia will become effective. As a result, foreign entities not having their regional headquarters will find it difficult to bid for public projects. It is expected that many multinationals will set up regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia to continue undertaking public projects. This short note covers the Regulations and highlights the requirements and conditions for setting up of Regional Headquarters in Saudi Arabia. Restrictions Due to the Regulations In essence, the Regulations stipulated conditions and restrictions for all governmental entities in regard of contracting with the foreign entities not having regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia (RHQ). Government and public agencies will not be able to award contracts to such companies or invite them to bid for undertaking works or sell goods or provide services. The Regulations provide for certain exemptions and exceptions, yet, it mandates the governmental agencies to follow strict guidelines for availing any exemption or exception. Exemptions to the Regulations Exemptions shall apply to works and procurements wherein the total value of such work or procurement is less than SAR One Million or the works are to be executed outside of the Kingdom. Moreover, the public entities may award projects to a company not having RHQ if there is no other technically qualified entity or the proposal by such a company is competitive by 25% when compared to the next best competitive proposal. Government agencies will also be able to invite entities not having RHQs to bid for works or supply goods or services if there are no companies qualified to undertake the subject projects or the company has an exclusivity in providing such works or goods or in case of any emergency. The agencies will be required first to refer to the Committee overseeing requests for according exemptions and exceptions before commencing the tendering process and the Committee will have the discretion to take decision on the request. From January 2024, the foreign companies not having RHQ in Saudi Arabia will not be able to procure public projects unless they qualify to be exempted which will be subject to several conditions, scrutiny and approval by the Committee overseeing such requests. Requirements for Setting Up a Regional Headquarters There are certain conditions and requirements to set up and operate an RHQ, as per the Ministry of Investment Services Manual, Ninth Edition – 2022: The entity should exist in at least in two different countries (excluding Saudi Arabia and the country in which its headquarters is located). The RHQ shall be established as a separate legal entity in Saudi Arabia either as a company or as a registered branch of a foreign company. The RHQ shall not conduct any commercial operation other than customary RHQ activities. The RHQ shall be required to undertake all mandatory RHQ activities within six months of issuance of the License. The mandatory activities include (a) formulating and monitoring regional strategies (b) coordinating strategic alignment (c) embedding products and/or services in the region, (d) supporting acquisitions, mergers and divestments, and (e) reviewing financial performance. Under the mandatory activities obligations, the RHQ shall also be required to undertake management functions including (a) business planning, (b) budgeting, (c) business coordination, (d) identifying new market opportunities, (e) monitoring of the regional market, competitors, and operations, (f) preparing marketing plan for the region, and (g) operational and financial reporting. The RHQ shall be required to undertake at least three optional RHQ activities within one year of issuance of the license which encompass a variety of management, administrative, advisory, accounting & auditing, marketing, research and development, logistics, and functions. Failure to commence the mandatory and/or optional RHQ activities or hiring of the required number of employees within the stipulated time or ceasing to satisfy these requirements any time later will result in cancellation of the license. The RHQ employees undertaking the mandatory RHQ License activities must have the relevant skills and knowledge developed at the headquarters or another regional headquarters of the Multinational and at least three employees must be of Executive Director level and Vice-President level. The RHQ must employ at least 15 full time em... --- ## New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/new-foreign-investment-guidelines-under-new-saudi-arabian-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-20 Words: 220 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Investment regularly updates its investment guide... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Investment regularly updates its investment guide covering conditions, criteria, and requirements for foreign investors to set up and conduct business activities in Saudi Arabia. This schedule highlights requirements in regard to minimum capital, minimum Saudi Shareholdings for undertaking certain activities, and special criteria and conditions for carrying out some forms of business. AlGhazzawi & Partners Download the New Foreign Investment Guidelines New Foreign Investment Guidelines Submit the form below to access the PDF guide First Name Last Name Job Title Company Phone Email Address SUBMIT --- ## Provisions for Professional Companies Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/provisions-for-professional-companies-under-new-saudi-arabian-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-07 Words: 1288 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] The new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective in January 2023, and companies are now required... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less The new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective in January 2023, and companies are now required to change their constitutional documents (Articles of Association, Articles of Incorporation) accordingly. This note highlights changes in the Companies Law of 1443 H. concerning the set up and operation of professional companies (free professions) which were earlier governed under a separate Professional Companies Law of 1441 H. Besides the general provisions of the Companies Law that are applicable to companies engaged in practicing free provisions, and provisions related to the specific company form which the professional company may opt, there are specific conditions that govern professional companies. As the Professional Companies Law of 1441 H. was promulgated some two and half years ago, there are no significant changes in the provisions related to professional companies in the new Companies Law. Nonetheless, we have highlighted areas of the new Companies Law that affect professional companies below. Definition A professional company may be set up by one or more persons licensed to practice one or more professions along with other natural or juristic persons (non-professionals).1 Practice of Multiple Professions A company may practice more than one profession as long as the partner(s) is licensed to practice such professions and provided that there no restrictions in the relevant regulations for mixing of certain professions, or prohibition by the competent authorities on practicing a profession along with other profession(s).2 Form of the Company The company may take any of the five forms which have been stipulated in the Companies Law (General Partnership; Limited Partnership; Limited Liability; Joint Stock; Simplified Joint Stock). 3 Term / Duration of the Company No longer required – however, the partners or shareholders cannot dissolve a professional company until they have announced it and informed all people dealing with the company.4 Partnership with Foreign Entity A professional company may be set up by persons licensed to practice one or more professions along with a foreign partner provided that the shareholding of the Saudi licensed professional(s) is not less than 25% of the share capital. Moreover, the foreign entity should be distinguished in the practice area and have representatives possessing license to practice the profession by the competent authorities at the origin.5 It is to be noted that there are specific exceptions and exemptions for foreign entities practicing certain professions. For example, foreign entities are allowed to set up a fully owned entity to practice engineering consultation services provided that it has presence in 4 different countries where it is licensed to provide the services and have experience of no less than 10 years.6 Participation by a Natural or Juristic Entity Not Licensed to Practice Besides a natural person who is not licensed to practice the profession in which the professional company is engaged in, a juristic entity too may participate in a professional company. The total shareholding of such entities should not exceed 30% of the capital which may be revised by the Minister. However, such entities cannot participate in professional companies set up in general partnership form and in the form of a limited partnership as a general partner. Non- professional partner(s) shall not have any direct or indirect control over the management of the company nor shall they interfere or cast influence in affecting the independence of professionals and shall maintain the confidentiality of information related to the clients of the company.7 Non-Competition by Partner / Shareholder In the Articles of Association of the company (in the previous law, this exception was not available).8 Similarly, a partner or a shareholder shall not engage in practicing a profession on his/her own or through another company unless the rest of the partners / shareholders provide their consent in writing or through a resolution adopted by the general assembly.9 Practice Only Through Partners A professional company shall not practice the profession(s) for which it is li... --- ## AlGhazzawi & Partners Announces New Representative Office in Egypt URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/alghazzawi-partners-announces-new-representative-office-in-egypt/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 140 > AlGhazzawi & Partners has expanded its presence with the opening of its representative office in Cairo, Egypt. The opening was completed officially on January 5th, 2023, in the presence of... AlGhazzawi & Partners has expanded its presence with the opening of its representative office in Cairo, Egypt. The opening was completed officially on January 5th, 2023, in the presence of His Excellency Mr. Bandar Al-Amri, Chairman of the Saudi-Egyptian Business Council, and a group of Saudi and Egyptian businessmen. This new location will reinforce AlGhazzawi & Partner’s presence in the region, allowing our firm to work even more closely with businesses and organizations in both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt. In addition to the opening, a cooperation agreement was signed with the Saudi-Egyptian Business Council, further strengthening the firm’s ties with the region. AlGhazzawi & Partners is excited to continue growing and serving its clients in the Middle East and beyond. We thank you all for your continued support. --- ## Provisions and Changes for Businesses Under New Saudi Arabia Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/provisions-and-changes-for-businesses-under-new-saudi-arabia-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-24 Words: 438 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5313"] About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law The new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective last month... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies LawProvisions for LLCs under the New Companies LawNew Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies LawRegulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies LawProvisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies LawProvisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies LawProvisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies LawProvisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies LawProvisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies LawResponsibilities of Managers Under New Companies LawClosure of Companies Under New Companies LawSimplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law The new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective last month and companies will be required to change their constitutional documents (Articles of Association, Articles of Incorporation). While the new law has placed proper safeguards to protect the interests of all stakeholders, at the same time, it has enabled businesses and industries to structure their entities in the manner that suits their needs. The Law prescribes minimum requirements, yet it allows the partners and shareholders to adopt higher thresholds if they deem those percentages appropriate. Companies will be required to change their constitutional documents (Articles of Association, Articles of Incorporation) as several Articles in the existing constitutional documents may conflict with the provisions in the new Law. As the new Law has removed several restrictions with a view to provide flexibility to set up, finance, invest, and manage entities, businesses may determine their own specific requirements, priorities, future plans, risk factors, etc. and accordingly amend the provisions in the constitutional documents. Our team will be running a series of articles covering provisions for the different forms of companies as well as important aspects of the law that may be applicable to them. Download the New Companies Law Guide It is imperative for businesses to keep informed about the changes to the Companies Law, and understand the differences between the provisions that apply to different company types. We encourage you to download our PDF guide for further information on the updates to the new Companies law, details about the changes in practice between different company types, and assist you in operating in accordance with the law. To stay aware of these updates, we encourage you to follow us on social media to be informed of when they are posted. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact this New Law may have on your business, please reach out to us for assistance. AlGhazzawi & Partners --- ## Provisions for LLCs Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/provisions-for-llcs-under-new-saudi-arabian-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-24 Words: 1597 > Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: [elementor-template id="5320"] Provisions for LLC’s under the New Companies Law The new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective... Explore our New Companies Law Series Below: About Saudi Arabia’s New Companies Law Provisions for LLCs under the New Companies Law New Foreign Investment Guidelines Under New Saudi Arabian Companies Law Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law Provisions for Professional Companies under the New Companies Law Provisions for Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Simplified Joint Stock Companies Under the New Companies Law Provisions for Not-For-Profit Companies Under New Companies Law Provisions for Debt Instruments & Financing Sukuk Under New Companies Law Responsibilities of Managers Under New Companies Law Closure of Companies Under New Companies Law Simplified Joint Stock Companies versus Limited Liability Companies Under New Law View All View Less Provisions for LLC’s under the New Companies Law The new Companies Law of 1443 H. (Law) in Saudi Arabia became effective last month and companies will be required to change their constitutional documents (Articles of Association, Articles of Incorporation). This note highlights major changes and new provisions concerning the limited liability company (LLC), which is the most common form of company in Saudi Arabia: Family Charter / Partners’ Agreement: The possibility to include family charter and partners’ agreements in the Articles of Incorporation (AoI) provides added security and assurance to partners in regard of fulfilment of obligations, smooth management, and transition.1 Single Person LLCs: Unlike the old Law, there are no provisions in the Law restricting a natural person from owning several single person LLCs. The constitutional document for single person LLCs will be referred to as Articles of Association (instead of Articles of Incorporation). Term of the Company: The Law does not mandate LLCs to fix a term or period in the AoI. However, they will be at liberty to fix a term. At the same time, partners may resolve to liquidate their company voluntarily at any time through a resolution adopted by partners representing half of the capital, unless the AoI provides for a higher percentage. In-Kind Shares: The Law doesn’t require evaluation of in-kind shares by an accredited evaluator if the valuation of such shares does not exceed 50% of the capital, unless agreed otherwise by the partners. In case of in-kind contribution exceeding 50% of the capital, the evaluation should have been done in the past six months before the date of formation or increase in capital.2 Powers of Manager: the Law stipulates that the manager shall have the power to represent the company before the judicial agencies and he will have the right to delegate powers to others. It is like an express mandate to the manager.3 Removal of Manager: If a partner is appointed as manager of the company in the AoI, unless otherwise stated in the AoI, he cannot be removed except by a unanimous vote of all other partners. However, if he is appointed under a separate agreement, he could be removed by resolution issued with a simple majority vote. If a non-partner is appointed as manager of the company, whether in the AoA or separate agreement, he could be removed by a resolution passed with a majority vote. The partners representing at least 25% of the capital may approach the competent judicial agency to request for removal of the manager or a member of the board or the entire board of managers.4 Exemption from Having a Statutory Auditor: The Law does not require companies, including LLCs, which are classified as small or micro (executive rules define companies meeting any of the two criteria: annual turn-over of less than SR. 10 Million; assets less than SR. 10 Million; total employee strength lesser than 49 as small or micro companies) to appoint a statutory auditor or more. However, this exemption shall not be applicable regardless of the classification, to foreign entities, companies issuing debt instruments, if partners representing 10% of the capital require the company to appoint an auditor, or if the AoI stipulates appointment of an auditor.5 The companies which classify as small or micro may consider availing this exemption by amending the AoA. No Supervisory Board: Unlike the old law, the law doesn’t require companies comprised of more than 20 partners to appoint a supervisory board. No Statutory Reserve: The requirement of setting aside 10% of the net profits every year towards the statutory reserves until it reached 30% of the capital has been done away. However, the partners may include a provision in the AoI to maintain a reserve in the desired percentage. 6 Periodic Dividends: The Law allows LLCs and other forms of companies to distribute dividends periodically (quarterly, half yearly basis) and the partners shall not be obliged to return any dividend distributed even if the company sustain losses in the subsequent period.7 Proxy for Partners’ General Assembly: Unlike the old law which required a partner to nominate another partner to... --- ## Comparison of Important Provisions Under the Two Procedural Laws in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/comparison-of-important-provisions-under-the-two-procedural-laws-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-24 Words: 274 > Procedural Laws play a vital role in the judiciary and administration of justice. Good knowledge and insight into procedural laws are essential to take the right steps and decisions for... Procedural Laws play a vital role in the judiciary and administration of justice. Good knowledge and insight into procedural laws are essential to take the right steps and decisions for raising lawsuits and following them throughout the trial. In its judicial reforms, Saudi Arabia has set up separate commercial courts across the country since 2017 to hear disputes related to commercial transactions and contracts, and disputes surrounding bankruptcies, financial restructuring, and violations of commercial regulations. Initially, the Supreme Judicial Council separated commercial circuits from the Board of Grievances and annexed them with the General Courts. Commercial courts and commercial circuits at the general courts were then required to follow Sharia Courts Procedural Law issued in 1435 H. In June 2020, however, the Commercial Courts Procedural Law (CCPL) came into effect to be applicable to all commercial disputes. AlGhazzawi & Partners has created a comprehensive and comparative analysis of important provisions under the two major procedural laws applicable for different courts in Saudi Arabia, namely, Sharia Courts Procedural Law (also known as Civil Courts Procedural Law) and CCPL. To access this analysis, please download this PDF to understand the differences and similarities of provisions under the two major procedural laws. This PDF has been designed to focus primarily on issues surrounding commercial transactions and commercial agreements, as well as the general procedures of law governing disputes and their resolution. We hope this document helps you to better understand the similarities and differences between these two procedural laws. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact this New Law may have on your business, please reach out to us for assistance. --- ## Regulatory Frameworks of Companies Under Saudi Companies Law URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/regulatory-frameworks-of-companies-under-saudi-companies-law/ Type: post Modified: 2025-07-30 Words: 241 > Early 2023 will bring about new changes in The Kingdom’s corporate landscape as the New Companies Law, approved by the Saudi Cabinet of Ministers, comes into effect in January. The... Early 2023 will bring about new changes in The Kingdom’s corporate landscape as the New Companies Law, approved by the Saudi Cabinet of Ministers, comes into effect in January. The new Saudi Company Law 1443 H. / 2022, Issued under M/133 dated 1/12/1443 H., is a comprehensive law that regulates all aspects of formation, management, operation, and liquidation of companies of different types. It is aimed at governing the formation of companies in Saudi Arabia and ensuring that they operate in accordance with the principles of good governance and transparency. It is anticipated that these changes will further strengthen corporations and be more consistent with international standards. This law covers all types of companies and has introduced a new type of entity, simplified joint stock companies. Each type of company has a different regulatory framework that must be followed. This guide will give you a glimpse of the frameworks governing the different companies for corporate law practitioners and others who wish to gather further insight into the law. To access this guide, please download this PDF and refer to it to better understand the updates compared to the previous Companies Law, grasp the changes in practice between different company types, and assist you in operating in accordance with the law. If you wish to discuss any of these changes or any impact this New Law may have on your business, please reach out to us for assistance. --- ## New Mandatory Surveillance Camera System Law in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/new-mandatory-surveillance-camera-system-law-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 514 > A new law governing the use of surveillance cameras in the Kingdom has been approved by the Council of Ministers, headed by King Salman. Pursuant to Royal Decree No: 164... A new law governing the use of surveillance cameras in the Kingdom has been approved by the Council of Ministers, headed by King Salman. Pursuant to Royal Decree No: 164 dated 01/03/1444 H., Saudi Arabia has mandated the installation, operation, and maintenance of surveillance camera systems for a wide range of public and private entities. Locations where the installation and use of cameras will be mandatory and where their use is prohibited are outlined in the new legislation as published in the official gazette on 7 October, 2022, which also stipulates fines and penalties for violators. The Surveillance Camera System Law (The Law) will become effective in the first week of April, 2023, providing impacted establishments with six months to prepare for and comply with the new regulation. Who is Impacted by the Surveillance Camera System Law? The Law will apply to all ministries and governmental agencies, oil and gas installations, power generation and water desalination plants, tourist accommodations (hotels, furnished apartments, etc.), commercial complexes and centers, financial institutions, residential complexes, mosques, medical care facilities, warehouses, streets, roads, and highways, restaurants and cafes, events and exhibitions, and public and private museums, among others. The Law requires that camera systems must be functional at all times and that recordings must be saved and maintained for periods as stipulated in term sheets to be issued at a later date. In the event of an incident, entities with footage of interest will be notified to maintain the specific recording until the completion of an investigation and clearance by authorities. Issuance and renewal of operating licenses or commercial registrations will require full compliance with the new Surveillance Camera System Law. Furthermore, all entities impacted by The Law will be required to place sign boards at conspicuous locations to alert the public of the presence of surveillance cameras. Exceptions to the Surveillance Camera System Law The Law prohibits the installation of surveillance cameras inside medical test and medical procedure rooms, changing rooms, washrooms, rooms in hotels and living accommodations for tourists, and lounges for women. The Law also prohibits circulation and copying of the recordings unless approved by the Ministry of Interior for a specific purpose or to comply with a judicial order. Penalties for Violating the Surveillance Camera System Law The Minister of Interior will constitute a committee comprised of three or more people for each province to review violations against The Law and determine punishments and fines. The Law prescribes fines starting from SR.500.00 for installing a camera not complying with the set specifications to SR. 20,000.00 for circulating or copying any recording. The penalty for installing a camera in any prohibited place is fixed at SR.10,000.00. The fines will be without prejudice to other penalties and punishments prescribed under other laws and regulations. Contact Us No matter the complexity of your legal concerns, our team has the capabilities and depth to produce results. With offices located in Jeddah, Dammam, and Riyadh, we are ready to support you anywhere across the Kingdom. Contact us to book a consultation. --- ## Major Provisions and Changes in Saudi Arabia’s Law of Evidence URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/major-provisions-and-changes-in-saudi-arabias-law-of-evidence/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 2212 > Continuing with reforms in judiciary and in line with Vision # 2030, Saudi Arabia promulgated the Law of Evidences on 2 January, 2022 which was published in the official gazette... Continuing with reforms in judiciary and in line with Vision # 2030, Saudi Arabia promulgated the Law of Evidences on 2 January, 2022 which was published in the official gazette on 7 January, 2022. The Law has become effective on 7 July, 2022. In essence, the Law of Evidences (Law) is a comprehensive law codifying the entire process and procedures in handling evidentiary issues. The Law covers documentary evidences, digital or electronic evidences, admissions, oaths, witness testimonies, inspection and expert reports. The Law prescribes and fixes fines for lapses, defaults, attempts to falsify or laying false accusations as well as provides for parties to claim damages for being harmed besides the provision of criminal proceedings for forgery and falsification of evidences. The Law revokes all of the provisions related to evidences contained in the Law of Civil Procedures (58 articles) and the Law of Commercial Courts (19 articles). The Law has maintained a few provisions available under the aforesaid two laws; yet, there are sweeping changes in the means and mechanism to deal with evidences in light of the continual development in the civil and commercial arenas. This article highlights major provisions and changes in the Law. General Provisions First and foremost, the Law is based on the premise that the plaintiff shall be obliged to prove his right and the defendant shall be entitled to deny the same thereby reiterating the universal principle that the burden of proof lies on the plaintiff. The Law provides that only evidences which are related to the issues of the subject of the lawsuit shall be acceptable and the Law specifically disallows judges to rule on cases on the basis of their personal knowledge. Borrowing the principle of parties’ autonomy from the arbitration principles, the Law obliges courts to accommodate any agreement between the parties in regard of evidentiary issues; provided the agreement is in writing, a provision which was hitherto not available in the courts procedural laws. Similarly, it requires the courts to apply the conclusions of the expert in full if the parties had such an agreement before the lawsuit was raised. The Law allows the court to reject wholly or partially the outcome of any evidentiary procedure provided it narrates reasons for rejection in the judgment. The Law enables the courts to consider evidentiary procedures taken outside Saudi Arabia as long as it does not violate public order. Admissions An admission shall be considered judicial only if the party admits before the court during the hearings of the subject case and which shall be treated as conclusive. If an admission is made outside the court or during other hearings, the admission shall not be treated as judicial. An admission shall only be accepted if the party has full capacity and it could be explicit or implicit and oral or written. An admission which cannot be accepted as judicial shall be considered as a testimony and accepted in accordance with the provisions related to testimonies. Interrogatories Besides the court interrogating a party on its own or upon request by the other party, the parties to the dispute may interrogate each other directly, a provision which was not available in the Law of Civil Procedures although the parties in the commercial lawsuits could interrogate directly under the supervision of the judge. The parties will be required to answer in the same hearing unless the court provides them time for answering. A party may object to a question addressed to it; however, it will have to give reasons for its objection. The court may not allow questions if not related to the case or deemed to be non-productive in the case or for any other valid reason, a provision which was not provided in the previous laws. The Law requires that whoever is summoned by the court for questioning, the person will be obliged to appear and answer the questions during the hearing scheduled and in case a person absents to provide answers without any acceptable excuse or avoids answering, the court may conclude what it deems appropriate and consider witness testimonies and other evidences which are otherwise not permissible on those issues. Documentary Evidences The Law defines in a greater detail the manner in which documentary evidences shall be dealt and what shall constitute official documents and non-official documents; their validity, importance and means of challenges available to parties. An official document shall be considered a complete evidence for the purpose presented as long as the document was prepared by the entity having jurisdiction or appointment to do so. Unlike in the Civil Procedures Law, which requires at least an attested true copy of an official document to be accepted as a documentary evidence, the new Law allows a copy of the official document in case the original is not available as long as there are no doubts of it being not identical to the original. The Law stipulates that a... --- ## Saudi Arabia – Rules for Setting Up of Foreign Law Firms (Draft for Public Consultation) URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabia-rules-for-setting-up-of-foreign-law-firms-draft-for-public-consultation/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 924 > Following the issuance of the Council of Ministers’ Decree which allows the foreign law firm to set up offices in Saudi Arabia (with certain conditions and requirements), the Ministry of... Following the issuance of the Council of Ministers’ Decree which allows the foreign law firm to set up offices in Saudi Arabia (with certain conditions and requirements), the Ministry of Justice of Saudi Arabia has just released the draft of the ‘Rules for Setting up of Foreign Law Firms’ for public consultation. Comments were able to be provided until 14 April, 2022. Here is a short note covering the major provisions proposed in the draft: Objectives: Further development of legal practices, enhancing efficiency, adopting international experiences, and creating more qualitative job opportunities for citizens. Primary Conditions for licensing of foreign law firms: Absence of any judgment (final verdict) against the firm on charges of misuse of trust or dishonesty, or material violation by the firm in carrying out its practice Practice exceeding 10 years from the date of its inception and having offices in at least three countries or five regions within a country (refer to Article 45 of the Advocacy Law); it must be duly licensed in those countries and regions to undertake legal practice and have a minimum of 3 employees carrying the practice through each of the minimum required offices. The countries in which the foreign law firm is carrying out the practice are considered ‘economically advanced’ countries. Two partners of the foreign law firm must reside in Saudi Arabia for a period of no less than 180 days and be licensed to practice under the Advocacy law of the Kingdom or other jurisdictions regulating legal practice. They must have an overall experience of 7 years out of which a minimum of 3 years of experience should have been garnered after obtaining a license to practice. If the foreign law firm wishes to set up its office in partnership with a Saudi licensed lawyer, the Saudi partner should have experience of no less than 3 years of practice; the Saudi partner should have at least 25% voting rights in the board of managers as well. Only Saudi licensed attorneys shall undertake pleading works as well as provide legal advice on issues related to Saudi laws and regulations in this situation. The foreign law firm carrying out practice on its own without having any partnership with a Saudi licensed lawyer shall not provide consultation or advice on issues involving Saudi laws and regulations. Exceptionally, they may provide consultations on very specific and specialized projects after obtaining prior approval from the concerned authority. Licensing Process: The foreign law firm that wishes to set up an office will have to apply electronically through its authorized representative and provide a host of documents and basic information evidencing fulfilment of the requirements stipulated in the Advocacy Law and these Rules. The law firm shall not commence practice until it completes the entire process and obtains all the required licenses which include obtaining an investment license, registration in the Saudi Bar Association, obtaining a place to carry out the practice, obtaining tax registration, and fulfilling other regulatory requirements. Obligations on the Foreign Law Firms: The foreign law firm shall comply with the Saudization ratio specified for the firms carrying out legal practice in the Kingdom (the ratio being 70% from 03/1444 H.). Provide 20 hours of training to all Saudi employees engaged in the profession and employed by the firm. Adoption of a mechanism to second Saudi employees to the head office or branch offices of the firm. Implementation of a program to prepare Saudi employees for promotions. Implementation of a program to train new graduates. Contribution to sponsoring conferences and workshops covering the legal profession and practice. Publication of study papers in Arabic language and articles related to Saudi laws and regulations in other languages. Consultation on issues related to Saudi laws and regulations referred to any office outside of Saudi Arabia should not exceed 30% of the total consultation work done by the firm. However, consultations provided on issues related to other laws and regulations shall not be counted under this restriction. Temporary License: The Ministry of Law may grant a temporary license to a foreign law firm for providing consultation services on specific and specialized projects where Saudi Arabia does not have enough experience. However, only one temporary license will be granted per year except in very special cases as determined by the Minister of Law. The firm licensed to provide consultation under the temporary license shall not provide advice on any matter not included in the license. Non-Saudi Counsels: No law firm licensed to carry legal practice shall seek services or employ a non-Saudi counsel except after registering the counsel in the register of non-Saudi counsels. Except for the requirement of nationality, the applicants shall have to fulfill all the qualifications, standards, and requirements stipulated in the Advocacy Law and Rules of ... --- ## Penalties for HR-Related Violations by Establishments (Ministerial Decree No:92768 dated 5/5/1443 H.) URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/penalties-for-hr-related-violations-by-establishments-ministerial-decree-no92768-dated-5-5-1443-h/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 950 > The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development has issued a Ministerial Decree approving the Schedule of Penalties against Violations by Companies and Establishments covering various aspects of operations falling... The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development has issued a Ministerial Decree approving the Schedule of Penalties against Violations by Companies and Establishments covering various aspects of operations falling under the relevant Labor Regulations. The Schedule became operational from the date of its publication in the official gazette Ummul Qura under No: 4913 dated 13/05/1443 (17 December, 2021): This note lists the important provisions under Schedule ‘A’. However, it does not cover all items. Schedule ‘B’ lists penalties for recruitment offices for violating the provisions of undertaking recruitment and manpower services. Penalties in Saudi Riyals No Violation Class A – Est. having 51 Employees or more Class B – Est. having 1-50 employees Class C – Est. having 10 Employees 1. Non-compliance with safety regulations related to the relevant practice area 10,000.00 5,0000.00 2,500.00 2. Non-provision of safety instructions to employees in at least two languages (Arabic and English) 5,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 3. Making employees work under the Sun during the prohibited time period without proper protective measures 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 4. Non-Provision of First Aid Box with proper medicine and other items in it 3,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 5. Non-provision of medical insurance to employees and their family members 10,000.00 5,000.00 3,000.00 6. Making a female employee work within six weeks of maternity 10,000.00 10,0000.00 10,000.00 7. Non-provision of electronic security systems at workplaces and warehouses (if any) 10,000.00 5,000.00 2,500.00 8. Not laying down conditions for wearing of attire (dress) at the workplace (in accordance with the type of practice) 5,000.00 3,000.00 1,000.00 9. Non-compliance with the required safety conditions for works involving risks and injuries 20,000.0 10,000.00 5,000.00 10. Employing Saudi men in jobs restricted for Saudi women 10,000.00 5,0000.00 2,500.00 11. Employing an expatriate without obtaining a work permit 20,000.00 20,000.00 10,000.00 12. Enabling an employee to work in a profession other than what is specified in the work permit or employment contract 10,000.00 5,000.00 2,500.00 13. Non-compliance with the requirement for arranging the employment contracts and employees’ files in the Arabic language 3,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 14. Provision of false information to the Ministry for obtaining benefits and services one is not entitled to 20,000.00 15,000.00 10,000.00 15. Non-compliance with the requirement for obtaining approval on Internal Work Rules Regulations and their announcement 10,000.00 5,000.00 1,000.00 16. Employing Non-Saudi nationals in jobs restricted to the Saudi nationals 20,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 17. Keeping passports or residence permits (Iqama) of employees or their family members 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 18. Not bearing the fee and levies for employees and making them pay such levies 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 19. Not undertaking a training program for at least 12% of Saudi employees (if the total employees exceed 50) 5,000.00 2,500.00 1,000.00 20. Non-compliance with the requirement of submitting employment contracts electronically on the relevant governmental portal 10,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 21. Non-compliance with the requirement to provide experience certificate and settle all dues of the employee within one week from the date of termination of contract or 15 days (if the contract is terminated by the employee) 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 22. Spending the amount accrued from penalties on employees without reverting to the Employees Welfare Committee within the organization or the Ministry (in case such a committee doesn’t exist) 10,000.00 5,000.00 1,000.00 23. Non-payment of salaries and other dues to the employees on specified dates 5,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 24. Non-compliance with the requirement to submit a monthly payroll protection statement 15,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 25. Not allowing weekly days off as stipulated in the law or the employment contract or making employees work more than what is stipulated in the law without overtime payment 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 26. Non-compliance with the requirement for allowing employees to avail leave 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 27. No formation of a committee to investigate misconduct or dishonesty within 5 days from receiving a complaint 20,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 28. Non-compliance to register employees on the relevant HR portal 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 29. Enabling a Non-Saudi employee to use websites and portals using the credentials of an authorized Saudi employee 20,000 It is to be noted that the penalties will be applied for each violation individually. For instance, if a company fails to pay salaries to its employees on time, the listed penalty will be multiplied by the number of employees not receiving their salaries. The Establishments could object to the Ministry’s decision within 60 days from the date of issuance of the decision. In case of non-payment o... --- ## Saudi Arabia – Judicial Costs Regulations URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabia-judicial-costs-regulations/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 1382 > On 31 August, 2021 (23/1/1442 H.), the Saudi Council of Ministers approved the Judicial Costs Law (the “Law”). The Law has been published in the official gazette on 17 September,... On 31 August, 2021 (23/1/1442 H.), the Saudi Council of Ministers approved the Judicial Costs Law (the “Law”). The Law has been published in the official gazette on 17 September, (12/02/1443 H) which came into force in March 2022. The Executive Rules or the Rules of Implementation of the Law (the “Executive Rules”) have been issued vide Council of Minister Decision No: 519 dated 11/09/1443 H. (12 April, 2022 G.) and duly approved by Royal Chambers Circular No: 57739 dated 14/09/1422 H. (15 April, 2022). Objectives of the Regulations The Law is aimed at (a)eliminating or restricting malicious or fictitious lawsuits, (b)urging litigants to take the route of compromise or amicable settlement to settle their disputes, and (c)emphasizing the importance of documenting evidence and contracts.[1] Application The Law shall be applicable to all types of lawsuits and petitions to courts except for (a) criminal and disciplinary lawsuits against public officials, (b) petitions for enforcement of judgments and orders, (c) the lawsuits and requests falling under the jurisdiction of personal affairs courts concerned with family disputes, (d) the lawsuits and requests falling under the jurisdiction of the board of grievances (administrative courts) filed in against governmental bodies, (e) the lawsuits and claims originating from application of bankruptcy law, and (f) requests for declarations (endowments; request for issuance of title deeds etc.). [2] Judicial Charges / Court Fee The judicial cost/fee for raising lawsuits has been stipulated as follows[3]: 5% of the claim value for all claims below SR. 100,000.00 4% of the claim value for all claims above SR.100,000.00 but below SR.500,000.00 3% of the claim value for all claims above SR.500,000.00 but below SR.1 million 2% of the claim value for all claims above SR. 1 million In no case shall the fee exceed 5% of the claim value. Regarding lawsuits covering real estate, the fee will be based on the value of the subject property at the time the claim is raised. Where the lawsuits do not have any valuations fixed, the following fee schedule shall apply: Private criminal lawsuit: SR.10,000.00 Lawsuit to be heard by commercial courts or commercial circuits: SR.5,000.00 Urgent lawsuits before any of the courts: SR.3,000.00 Lawsuits before general courts: SR.3,000.00 Disputes related to the execution of judgments: SR.3,000.00 Lawsuits to be heard by labor courts: SR.2,000.00 If a court quashes a lawsuit or dismisses it for not being raised in the required form and the plaintiff insists to continue with the case subsequently, there will be an additional fee equivalent to 25% of the original fee.[4] A fee equivalent to 1% of the arbitral award (subject to a maximum of SR.1 Million) shall be imposed on the party requesting nullification of the arbitral award if the court dismissed the request. The fee for requests (other than raising of the lawsuits) has been determined under the Executive Rules: (a) appeal petitions: SR.5,000.00, (b) reconsideration petitions: SR.10,000.00, (c) cassation petitions: SR.7,000.00 (d) petitions to join a lawsuit, request for correction or interpretation of judgments or request for stopping of enforcement of judgment: SR.2,000.00, and (d) petitions to resume a suspended lawsuit before the end of the required period.[5] On another hand, the Executive Rules provide particular fees for certain requests. [6]The fee for requests to a court by an interested party for issuance of an attested document from the case file or register shall be SR.100.00. Similarly, the fees for the examination of one of the attested documents of the case file shall be SR.50.00 and the fees for requesting a copy of the case file shall be SR 100.00. If a court dismisses a lawsuit for lack of jurisdiction, there will be no new charges for raising the lawsuit with the competent court. Similarly, if the Supreme Court returns the lawsuit to the court that had heard the dispute or any other court, there will be no additional charges.[7] The relevant administrative section of the court shall determine the cost/fee which may be contested within 10 days from the date of such determination before the president of the court whose decision shall be final and non-appealable.[8] The Executive Rules provide that the final evaluation of the fee shall be determined by the administrative section after the final conclusion of the lawsuit and the same shall be notified to the party obliged to pay. The amount shall not be collected except after the passing of the period of objection and issuance of decision thereto.[9] Except for raising of reconsideration petition or cassation petition, non-payment of the fee shall not preclude or restrict the court to hear the lawsuit or other petition. For reconsideration and cassation petitions, the prescribed fee shall have to be paid within 30 days from the date of filing of the petition; else the petitioner shall forfeit the right and the judgment shall become... --- ## AlGhazzawi Professional Association is now AlGhazzawi & Partners URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/alghazzawi-professional-association-is-now-alghazzawi-partners/ Type: post Modified: 2025-08-20 Words: 26 > We are excited to announce that our firm name is changing from AlGhazzawi Professional Association to AlGhazzawi & Partners. Please see the full announcement enclosed. We are excited to announce that our firm name is changing from AlGhazzawi Professional Association to AlGhazzawi & Partners. Please see the full announcement enclosed. --- ## Effects of Business Activities on the Registration of Legal Entities in Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/effects-of-business-activities-on-the-registration-of-legal-entities-in-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 18 > Download our report on the Effects of Business Activities on the Registration of Legal Entities in Saudi Arabia. Download our report on the Effects of Business Activities on the Registration of Legal Entities in Saudi Arabia. --- ## An extract from The European and Middle Eastern Arbitration Review 2011 URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/an-extract-from-the-european-and-middle-eastern-arbitration-review-2011/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 6 > Get expert legal advice on Saudi Arabian legal systems, investment laws, and compliance to ensure smooth business operations. Download our chapter on Saudi Arabia. --- ## EMEAR 2010 report – Saudi Arabia URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/emear-2010-report-saudi-arabia/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 9 > A Global Arbitration Review special report www.GlobalArbitrationReview.com A Global Arbitration Review special report www.GlobalArbitrationReview.com --- ## Guide to dispute resolution in the Middle East URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/guide-to-dispute-resolution-in-the-middle-east/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 20 > The guide is intended to provide a concise, accessible overview of the practical issued involving dispute resolution across the region. The guide is intended to provide a concise, accessible overview of the practical issued involving dispute resolution across the region. --- ## Saudi Arabia Investment Guide 2010 URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/saudi-arabia-investment-guide-2010/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 30 > The first edition of our guide to investing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The guide gives a useful introduction to Saudi Arabia’s rapidly evolving legal and regulatory environment. The first edition of our guide to investing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The guide gives a useful introduction to Saudi Arabia’s rapidly evolving legal and regulatory environment. --- ## Dispute avoidance newsletter June 2009 URL: https://www.ghazzawilawfirm.com/insights/dispute-avoidance-newsletter-june-2009/ Type: post Modified: 2025-05-01 Words: 56 > Saudi Arabia is a key trade and investment partner for Japan. The combination of Saudi Arabia’s enormous wealth and King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud’s commitment to a far-reaching... Saudi Arabia is a key trade and investment partner for Japan. The combination of Saudi Arabia’s enormous wealth and King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud’s commitment to a far-reaching programme of investment throughout the country means that Saudi Arabia offers excellent opportunities for overseas companies seeking to invest in the Middle East. ---